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| screenplay = | based on = | starring = | music = Howard Shore | cinematography = Andrew Lesnie | editing = John Gilbert Michael J. Horton Jabez Olssen Jamie Selkirk | studio = | distributor = New Line Cinema | released = | runtime = 558 minutes | country = | language = English | budget = $281 million〔(【引用サイトリンク】title='Hobbit' Trilogy Has Cost $561 Million So Far )〕 | gross = $2.917 billion }} ''The Lord of the Rings'' is a film series consisting of three high fantasy adventure films directed by Peter Jackson. They are based on the novel ''The Lord of the Rings'' by J. R. R. Tolkien. The films are subtitled ''The Fellowship of the Ring'' (2001), ''The Two Towers'' (2002) and ''The Return of the King'' (2003). They were distributed by New Line Cinema. Considered to be one of the biggest and most ambitious film projects ever undertaken, with an overall budget of $281 million (some sources say $310 million-$330 million), the entire project took eight years, with the filming for all three films done simultaneously and entirely in New Zealand, Jackson's native country. Each film in the series also had special extended editions released on DVD a year after their respective theatrical releases. While the films follow the book's general storyline, they do omit some of the novel's plot elements and include some additions to and deviations from the source material. Set in the fictional world of Middle-earth, the films follow the hobbit Frodo Baggins (Elijah Wood) as he and a Fellowship embark on a quest to destroy the One Ring, and thus ensure the destruction of its maker, the Dark Lord Sauron (Sala Baker). The Fellowship becomes divided and Frodo continues the quest together with his loyal companion Sam (Sean Astin) and the treacherous Gollum (Andy Serkis). Meanwhile, Aragorn (Viggo Mortensen), heir in exile to the throne of Gondor, and the wizard Gandalf (Ian McKellen) unite and rally the Free Peoples of Middle-earth in the War of the Ring. The series was a major financial success, with the films collectively being among the highest-grossing film series of all time. The films were critically acclaimed and heavily awarded, winning 17 out of 30 total Academy Award nominations. The final film in the series, ''The Return of the King'', won all of its 11 Academy Awards nominations, tying it with ''Ben-Hur'' and ''Titanic'' for most Academy Awards received for a film. The series received wide praise for its innovative special and visual effects. == Development == Director Peter Jackson first came into contact with ''The Lord of the Rings'' when he saw Ralph Bakshi's 1978 animated film ''The Lord of the Rings''. Jackson "enjoyed the film and wanted to know more." Afterwards, he read a tie-in edition of the book during a twelve-hour train journey from Wellington to Auckland when he was seventeen.〔Sibley (2001), pp.11–12〕 In 1995, Jackson was finishing ''The Frighteners'' and considered ''The Lord of the Rings'' as a new project, wondering "why nobody else seemed to be doing anything about it".〔 With the new developments in computer-generated imagery following ''Jurassic Park'', Jackson set about planning a fantasy film that would be relatively serious and feel real. By October, he and his partner Fran Walsh teamed up with Miramax Films boss Harvey Weinstein to negotiate with Saul Zaentz who had held the rights to the book since the early 1970s, pitching an adaptation of ''The Hobbit'' and two films based on ''The Lord of the Rings''. Negotiations then stalled when Universal Studios offered Jackson a remake of ''King Kong''. Weinstein was furious, and further problems arose when it turned out Zaentz did not have distribution rights to ''The Hobbit''; United Artists, which was in the market, did. By April 1996, the rights question was still not resolved.〔 Jackson decided to move ahead with ''King Kong'' before filming ''The Lord of the Rings'', prompting Universal to enter a deal with Miramax to receive foreign earnings from ''The Lord of the Rings'' while Miramax received foreign earnings from ''King Kong''.〔 It was also revealed that Jackson originally wanted to finish ''King Kong'' before ''The Lord of the Rings'' began. But due to location problems, he decided to start with ''The Lord of the Rings'' franchise instead. When Universal cancelled ''King Kong'' in 1997, Jackson and Walsh immediately received support from Weinstein and began a six-week process of sorting out the rights. Jackson and Walsh asked Costa Botes to write a synopsis of the book and they began to re-read the book. Two to three months later, they had written their treatment. The first film would have dealt with what would become ''The Fellowship of the Ring'', ''The Two Towers'', and the beginning of ''The Return of the King'', ending with Saruman's death, and Gandalf and Pippin going to Minas Tirith. In this treatment, Gwaihir and Gandalf visit Edoras after escaping Saruman, Gollum attacks Frodo when the Fellowship is still united, and Farmer Maggot, Glorfindel, Radagast, Elladan and Elrohir are present. Bilbo attends the Council of Elrond, Sam looks into Galadriel's mirror, Saruman is redeemed before he dies and the Nazgûl just make it into Mount Doom before they fall.〔 They presented their treatment to Harvey and Bob Weinstein, the latter of whom they focused on impressing with their screenwriting as he had not read the book. They agreed upon two films and a total budget of $75 million.〔 During mid-1997, Jackson and Walsh began writing with Stephen Sinclair.〔 Sinclair's partner, Philippa Boyens, was a major fan of the book and joined the writing team after reading their treatment.〔 It took 13–14 months to write the two film scripts,〔 which were 147 and 144 pages respectively. Sinclair left the project due to theatrical obligations. Amongst their revisions, Sam is caught eavesdropping and forced to go along with Frodo, instead of Sam, Merry, and Pippin figuring out about the One Ring themselves and voluntarily going along after confronting Frodo about it, as occurs in the original novel. Gandalf's account of his time at Orthanc was pulled out of flashback and Lothlórien was cut, with Galadriel doing what she does in the story at Rivendell. Denethor attends the Council with his son. Other changes included having Arwen rescue Frodo, and the action sequence involving the cave troll. The writers also considered having Arwen absorb Eowyn's role entirely by having her kill the Witch-king.〔 Trouble struck when Marty Katz was sent to New Zealand. Spending four months there, he told Miramax that the films were more likely to cost $150 million, and with Miramax unable to finance this, and with $15 million already spent, they decided to merge the two films into one. On 17 June 1998, Bob Weinstein presented a treatment of a single two-hour film version of the book. He suggested cutting Bree and the Battle of Helm's Deep, "losing or using" Saruman, merging Rohan and Gondor with Éowyn as Boromir's sister, shortening Rivendell and Moria as well as having Ents prevent the Uruk-hai kidnapping Merry and Pippin.〔 Upset by the idea of "cutting out half the good stuff"〔 Jackson balked, and Miramax declared that any script or work completed by Weta Workshop was theirs.〔 Jackson went around Hollywood for four weeks,〔 showing a thirty-five-minute video of their work, before meeting with New Line Cinema's Mark Ordesky.〔Sibley (2006), pp.388–92〕 At New Line Cinema, Robert Shaye viewed the video, and then asked why they were making two films when the book was published as three volumes (this was later corrected: New Line only made this choice out of economical reasons);〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=10 Things You Know About The LOTR Movies (That Aren't True) )〕 he wanted to make a film trilogy. Now Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens had to write three new scripts.〔 The expansion to three films allowed much more creative freedom, although Jackson, Walsh, and Boyens had to restructure their script accordingly. The three films do not correspond exactly to the trilogy's three volumes, but rather represent a three-part adaptation. Jackson takes a more chronological approach to the story than did Tolkien. Frodo's quest is the main focus, and Aragorn is the main sub-plot, and many sequences (such as Tom Bombadil) that do not contribute directly to those two plots were left out. Much effort was put into creating satisfactory conclusions and making sure exposition did not bog down the pacing. Amongst new sequences, there are also expansions on elements Tolkien kept ambiguous, such as the battles and the creatures. During shooting, the screenplays continued to evolve, in part due to contributions from cast looking to further explore their characters.〔 Most notable amongst these rewrites was the character Arwen, who was originally planned as a warrior princess, but reverted to her book counterpart, who remains physically inactive in the story (though she sends moral and military support). To develop fight and sword choreography for the series, the filmmakers employed Hollywood sword-master Bob Anderson. Anderson worked directly with the talent including Viggo Mortensen and Karl Urban to develop the film's many sword fights and stunts. Bob Anderson's role in ''The Lord of the Rings'' series was highlighted in the film ''Reclaiming the Blade''. This documentary on sword martial arts also featured Weta Workshop and Richard Taylor, ''The Lord of the Rings'' illustrator John Howe and actors Viggo Mortensen and Karl Urban. All discussed their roles and work on the series as related to the sword. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「The Lord of the Rings (film series)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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