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Theodoret of Cyrus or Cyrrhus (; c. AD 393 – c. 458/466) was an influential theologian of the School of Antioch, biblical commentator, and Christian bishop of Cyrrhus (423–457). He played a pivotal role in several 5th-century, Byzantine Church controversies that led to various ecumenical acts and schisms. He is called "blessed" in the Eastern Orthodox Church,〔(Orthodox Dogmatic Theology )〕 and some Chalcedonian and East Syrian Christians regard him as a saint. ==Biography== According to Tillemont, he was born at Antioch in 393, and died either at Cyrrhus ("about a two-days' journey east of Antioch" or eighty Roman miles), or at the monastery near Apamea (fifty-four miles southeast of Antioch) about 457. The following facts about his life are gleaned mainly from his ''Epistles'' and his ''Religious History'' (''Philotheos historia''). He was the child of a prosperous Antiochene couple who had been childless for many years. Encouraged by the fact that his mother had been cured of a serious eye complaint and converted to a sober life by Peter the Galatian, an ascetic living in an unoccupied in the locality,〔Theodoret, ''Historia Religiosa'', 9〕 Theodoret's parents sought further help from the local holy men, since she had been childless for twelve years. For years their hopes were fed but not fulfilled. Eventually, Theodoret's birth was promised by a hermit named Macedonius the Barley-Eater on the condition of his dedication to God, whence the name Theodoret ("gift of God").〔Theodoret, ''Historia Religiosa'', 13〕 Theodoret received an extensive religious and secular education. The actual evidence given to us by Theodoret suggests that his education was exclusively religious. He paid weekly visits to Peter the Galatian, was instructed by Macedonius and other ascetics, and at an early age became a ''lector'' among the clergy of Antioch. Though he speaks of Diodore of Tarsus and Theodore of Mopsuestia as his teachers, this is improbable - though it was certainly their theological tradition in which he was brought up. He clearly, also, though, received an extensive classical education, unsurprisingly for the child of prosperous parents in a city which had long been a centre of secular learning and culture. His correspondents included the sophists Aerius and Isokasius. In his letters he quotes from Homer, Sophocles, Euripedes, Aristophanes, Demosthenes and Thucydides.〔Frances Young with Andrew Teal, ''From Nicaea to Chalcedon: A Guide to the Literature and its Background, (2nd edn, 2004), p323〕 He then resided a while in a monastery, most likely near Apamea.〔This evidence is assumed because, when later deprived of his see, he begs permission to return to this monastery, explaining it is 75 miles from Antioch and 20 miles from his episcopal city. (''Ep'' 119). Frances Young with Andrew Teal, ''From Nicaea to Chalcedon: A Guide to the Literature and its Background, (2nd edn, 2004), p324〕 There he lived for about seven years. In 423 he left as he had been appointed Bishop of Cyrrhus, over a diocese about forty miles square and embracing 800 parishes, but with an insignificant town as its see city. Theodoret, supported only by the appeals of the intimate hermits, himself in personal danger, zealously guarded purity of the doctrine. He converted more than 1,000 Marcionites in his diocese, besides many Arians and Macedonians;〔Frances Young with Andrew Teal, ''From Nicaea to Chalcedon: A Guide to the Literature and its Background, (2nd edn, 2004), p324〕 more than 200 copies of Tatian's ''Diatessaron'' he retired from the churches; and he erected churches and supplied them with relics. His philanthropic and economic interests were extensive and varied: he endeavored to secure relief for the people oppressed with taxation; he divided his inheritance among the poor; from his episcopal revenues he erected baths, bridges, halls, and aqueducts; he summoned rhetoricians and physicians, and reminded the officials of their duties. To the persecuted Christians of Persian Armenia he sent letters of encouragement, and to the Carthaginian Celestiacus, who had fled the rule of the Vandals, he gave refuge. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Theodoret」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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