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Thinis or This (Egyptian: Tjenu) was the capital city of the first dynasties of ancient Egypt. Thinis is, as yet, undiscovered but well attested to by ancient writers, including the classical historian Manetho, who cites it as the centre of the Thinite Confederacy, a tribal confederation whose leader, Menes (or Narmer), united Egypt and was its first pharaoh. Thinis began a steep decline in importance from Dynasty III, when the capital was relocated to Memphis. Its location on the border of the competing Heracleopolitan and Theban dynasties of the First Intermediate Period, and its proximity to certain oases of possible military importance, ensured Thinis some continued significance in the Old and New Kingdoms. This was a brief respite and Thinis eventually lost its position as a regional administrative centre by the Roman period. Due to its ancient heritage, Thinis remained a significant religious centre, housing the tomb and mummy of the regional deity. In ancient Egyptian religious cosmology, as seen (for example) in the ''Book of the Dead'', Thinis played a role as a mythical place in heaven.〔Massey 1907: 637〕 Although the precise location of Thinis is unknown, mainstream Egyptological consensus places it in the vicinity of ancient Abydos and modern Girga.〔Gardiner 1964: 430 n.1〕〔Ryholt 1997: 163 n. 594〕〔Strudwick 2005: 509〕 ==Name and location== The name ''Thinis'' is derived from Manetho's use of the adjective ''Thinite'' to describe the pharaoh Menes.〔Verbrugghe and Wickersham 2001: 131〕 Although the corresponding ''Thinis'' does not appear in Greek, it is demanded by the Egyptian original〔 and is the more popular name among Egyptologists.〔〔 ''This'' is also suggested.〔Tacoma 2006: 54 n. 63〕 In correcting a passage of Hellanicus (b. 490 BCE), Jörgen Zoega amended Τίνδων όνομα to Θιν δε οι όνομα.〔 Maspero (1903) found that this revealed the name ''Thinis'' and also, from the same passage, a key geographic indicator: επιποταμίη ((英語:on the river)).〔 Maspero used this additional detail to support the theory, which included among its followers Jean-François Champollion and Nestor L'Hôte, locating Thinis at modern-day Girga or a neighbouring town, possibly El-Birba.〔 Other proposals for Thinis' location have lost favour at the expense of the Girga-Birba theory: Auguste Mariette, founder director of the Egyptian Museum, suggested Kom el-Sultan; A. Schmidt, El-Kherbeh; and Heinrich Karl Brugsch, Johannes Dümichen and others〔Moldenke: 89〕 supported El-Tineh, near Berdis.〔Maspero 1903: 331 n.1〕 Mainstream Egyptological consensus continues to locate Thinis at or near to either Girga,〔〔〔 or El-Birba〔Bagnall 1996: 334〕 (where an inscribed statue fragment mentioning Thinis is said to have been found).〔Wilkinson 2000: 354〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thinis」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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