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Thiomargarita namibiensis
''Thiomargarita namibiensis'' is a gram-negative coccoid Proteobacterium, found in the ocean sediments of the continental shelf of Namibia. It is the largest bacteria ever discovered, as a rule in diameter, but sometimes attaining . Cells of ''Thiomargarita namibiensis'' are large enough to be visible to the naked eye. Although the species holds the record for the most massive bacterium, ''Epulopiscium fishelsoni'' – previously discovered in the gut of surgeonfish – grows slightly longer, but narrower.
''Thiomargarita'' means "sulfur pearl". This refers to the appearance of the cells; they contain microscopic sulfur granules that scatter incandescent light, lending the cell a pearly lustre. Like many coccoid bacteria such as ''Streptococcus'', their cellular division tends to occur along a single axis, causing their cells to form chains, rather like strings of pearls. The species name ''namibiensis'' means "of Namibia".
== Occurrence ==
The species was discovered by Heide N. Schulz and others in 1997, in the coastal seafloor sediments of Walvis Bay (Namibia). Schulz and her colleagues, from the Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, were on a Russian research vessel, the ''Petr Kottsov'', when the white color of this microbe caught their interest. They were actually looking for other recently found sulfide-eating marine bacteria, ''Thioploca'' and ''Beggiatoa''. They ended up with an entire new discovery, of a much larger cousin strain of the two other bacteria. In 2005, a closely related strain was discovered in the Gulf of Mexico.〔Karen M. Kalanetra, Samantha B. Joye, Nicole R. Sunseri, Douglas C. Nelson. Novel vacuolate sulfur bacteria from the Gulf of Mexico reproduce by reductive division in three dimensions. Environmental Microbiology (2005) 7 (9), 1451–1460 doi:10.1111/j.1462-2920.2005.00832.x〕 Among other differences from the Namibian strain, the Mexican strain does not seem to divide along a single axis and accordingly does not form chains. No other species in the genus ''Thiomargarita'' are known at present.
The previously largest known bacterium was ''Epulopiscium fishelsoni'', at 0.5 mm long.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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