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Thonningia
''Thonningia'' is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Balanophoraceae containing the single species ''Thonningia sanguinea''.〔Nickrent, D. (Parasitic Plant Classification. ) The Parasitic Plant Connection. Department of Plant Biology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale.〕〔Leistner, O. A. (2005). (Balanophoraceae. ) ''Seed Plants of Southern Tropical Africa: Families and Genera''. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 26. pg 103.〕 It is distributed throughout much of southern and western Africa, particularly the tropical regions.〔 Common names for the plant include ground pineapple.〔〔Burkill, H. M. (1985). (''Thonningia sanguinea''. ) ''The Useful Plants of West Tropical Africa, Vol 1.'' Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew.〕 A familiar plant to humans, it has an extremely long list of common names in many African languages. Many names are inspired by the resemblance of the plant's inflorescence to a pineapple or palm tree. Some of the names can be translated as pineapple of the bush (from Anyi), duiker's kolanut (from Igala), and crown of the ground (from Yoruba).〔
==Description==
This species is a fleshy dioecious herb growing from an underground tuber. It is parasitic on other plants via its tuber. The branching, yellowish tuber extends horizontally up to 10 or 15 centimeters through the soil. It forms bulb-like swellings at the points where it attaches to the roots of its host plants. These swellings, or galls, can reach over 18 centimeters wide. The tuber can resemble a rhizome, but there is no true rhizome. The stem is coated with spirals of scale-like leaves. The leaves are not green; there is no chlorophyll, as the plant obtains nutrients from hosts and does not need to photosynthesize. The flowering stem emerges from the ground to produce a bright red or pink inflorescence containing male and female flowers. The crowded flower heads are covered in scales. The inflorescence is up to 15 to 20 centimeters long.〔〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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