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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Thromboregulation ： ウィキペディア英語版 Thromboregulation Thromboregulation is the series of mechanisms in how a primary clot is regulated. These mechanisms include, competitive inhibition or negative feedback. It includes primary hemostasis, which is the process of how blood platelets adhere to the endothelium of an injured blood vessel. Platelet aggregation is fundamental to repair vascular damage and the initiation of the blood thrombus formation. The elimination of clots is also part of thromboregulation. Failure in platelet clot regulation may cause hemorrhage or thrombosis. Substances called thromboregulators control every part of these events.〔 〕 ==Primary hemostasis inducers== One primary function of thromboregulation is the control of primary hemostasis, which is the platelet aggregation process. Some thromboregulators enhance platelet aggregation and some others inhibit the process. Platelet aggregation plays a critical role in the genesis of a resulting thrombus. Adhesion should remain local, but platelet aggregation must grow exponentially to form a platelet thrombus and prevent blood loss. Platelet aggregation factors are the regulators that enhance the adhesion and stimulate the platelets to secrete its granules. It has been shown that collagen, exposed after the injury to the endothelial cover of the vessel, plays as an agonist in platelet adhesion and its activation. The binding of platelets to the sub-endothelial collagen stimulates the secretion of ADP, TXA2, and serotonin present in the platelet granules. ADP-dependent aggregation is mediated by two receptors: the purinergic P2Y1, coupled to Gαq, mediates the shape in the structure of platelets and triggers the aggregation process. Thromboxane A2 (TX2) has a positive feedback in platelet activation. It is produced by the oxygenation of arachidonic acid by two enzymes: cycloxygenase and thromboxane A2 synthase. TX2 effects are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors, subtypes TPα and TPβ. Both receptors mediate phospholipase C stimulation causing an increase of intracellular levels of inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate and diacylglycerol. Inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate causes an increase in Ca concentration and the release of diacylglycerol activates PKC. TPα stimulates cAMP levels whereas TPβ inhibits the level of intracellular cAMP. Serotonin, 5-HT, is an amine synthesized in the gut and it is released into the bloodstream after the activation of presynaptic neurons or enterochromaffin cells stimulation. Later, it is sequestered by the platelets using antidepressant-sensitive 5-HT transporters (SERTs) and into platelet’s granules by the vesicular monoamine transporter (VMAT). After the secretion, 5-HT increases the effects of prothrombotic agents by its binding with 5-HT2 receptors 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Thromboregulation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.