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Tiananmen
The Tiananmen (), or Gate of Heavenly Peace, is a famous monument in Beijing, the capital of the People's Republic of China. It is widely used as a national symbol. First built during the Ming Dynasty in 1420, Tiananmen is often referred to as the front entrance to the Forbidden City. However, the Meridian Gate (午门) is the first entrance to the Forbidden City proper, while Tiananmen was the entrance to the Imperial City, within which the Forbidden City was located. Tiananmen is located to the north of Tiananmen Square, separated from the plaza by Chang'an Avenue.
==Name==
The Chinese name of the gate (天安門, pronounced Tiān'ānmén), is made up of the Chinese characters for "heaven," "peace" and "gate" respectively, which is why the name is conventionally translated as "The Gate of Heavenly Peace". However, this translation is somewhat misleading, since the Chinese name is derived from the much longer phrase "receiving the mandate from heaven, and pacifying the dynasty." (受命于天，安邦治國).〔Lu Bingjie, ''Tian'anmen'' (Jinan: Shandong huabao chubanshe, 2004) p. 40.〕 The Manchu transliteration, ''Abkai elhe obure duka'', lies closer to the original meaning of the gate and can be literally translated as the "Gate of Heavenly Peacemaking."〔Cf. Erich Hauer. "Why the Sinologue Should Study Manchu." ''Journal of the North-China Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society'' 61 (1930): 156-64.〕 The gate has a counterpart in the northern end of the imperial city called Di'anmen (地安门, Dì'ānmén; Manchu: ''Na i elhe obure duka''), which may be roughly translated as the "Gate of Earthly Peacemaking."
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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