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Tiki-taka (commonly spelled ''tiqui-taca'' (:ˈtikiˈtaka) in Spanish) is a style of play in football characterised by short passing and movement, working the ball through various channels, and maintaining possession. The style is primarily associated with La Liga club Barcelona from Johan Cruyff's tenure as manager to the present, and the Spanish national team under managers Luis Aragonés and Vicente del Bosque. It was also seen under Arsène Wenger's Arsenal that won the 2003–04 FA Premier League. Tiki-taka moves away from the traditional thinking of formations in football to a concept derived from zonal play. ==Origins and development== The late Spanish broadcaster Andrés Montes is generally credited with coining and popularizing the phrase ''tiki-taka'' during his television commentary on LaSexta for the 2006 World Cup,〔 although the term was already in colloquial use in Spanish football and may originate with Javier Clemente. In his live commentary of the Spain versus Tunisia match, Montes used the phrase to describe Spain's precise, elegant passing style: "''Estamos tocando tiki-taka tiki-taka.''" The phrase's origin may be onomatopoeic〔 (alluding to the quick, short distance "tick" passing of the ball between players) or derived from a juggling toy named ''tiki-taka'' in Spanish (clackers in English). The roots of what would develop into tiki-taka began to be implemented by Johan Cruyff during his tenure as manager of Barcelona from 1988 to 1996.〔 The style of play continued to develop under Dutch managers Louis van Gaal and Frank Rijkaard and has been adopted by other La Liga teams. Barcelona's Dutch managers made it a point to promote from their youth system, and Barcelona's La Masia youth academy has been credited with producing a generation of technically talented, often physically small, players such as Pedro Rodriguez, Xavi, Andrés Iniesta, Cesc Fàbregas, and Lionel Messi;〔 players with excellent touch, vision and passing, who excel at maintaining possession. Pep Guardiola managed Barcelona from 2008 to 2012. Under his guidance, tiki-taka reached new extremes. This was partly due to Guardiola's visionary coaching, partly due to an exceptional generation of players, many of whom had been schooled in La Masia's idiosyncratic style, and partly due to Barcelona's ability to sustain intense pressure on the ball. The 2005 update to the offside law was also a contributing factor: by forcing defenders deeper, the law expanded the effective playing area, making players' size matter less and allowing technical skills to flourish.〔 Under Guardiola, Barcelona's tiki-taka shared Dutch Total Football's high defensive line, positional interchange, and use of possession to control the game. It departed from its Dutch roots by sublimating everything to the pass: Guardiola played a centre-forward as a false nine to keep the ball moving fluidly from different angles; he played the full-backs higher; he selected midfielders in defence to exploit their passing ability; and he forced the goalkeeper to play the ball out from the back.〔 Raphael Honigstein describes the tiki-taka played by the Spanish national team at the 2010 World Cup as "a radical style that only evolved over the course of four years", arising from Spain's decision in 2006 that "they weren't physical and tough enough to outmuscle opponents, so instead wanted to concentrate on monopolising the ball." Jed C.Davies, football coach at Oxford University and author of 'coaching the tiki-taka style of play' believes that tiki-taka football is "among other things, a conceptual revolution based on the idea that the size of any football field is flexible and can be altered by the team playing on it. In possession, the formation should intend on creating space and therefore making the pitch as big as possible" and the opposite when not in possession via Valeriy Lobanovskyi's full pitch aggressive pressing. Pep Guardiola is famed for saying "You win the ball back when there are thirty metres to their goal not eighty." 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tiki-taka」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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