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Timurid dynasty
The Timurid dynasty ((ペルシア語:تیموریان)), self-designated as Gurkani ((ペルシア語:گورکانیان), ''Gūrkāniyān''), was a Sunni Muslim〔Maria E. Subtelny, ''Timurids in Transition: Turko-Persian Politics and Acculturation in Medieval Persia'', Vol. 7, (Brill, 2007), 201.〕 dynasty or clan of Turco-Mongol lineage〔B.F. Manz, ''"Tīmūr Lang"'', in Encyclopaedia of Islam, Online Edition, 2006〕〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'', "(Timurid Dynasty )", Online Academic Edition, 2007. (Quotation:...''Turkic dynasty descended from the conqueror Timur (Tamerlane), renowned for its brilliant revival of artistic and intellectual life in Iran and Central Asia.''...''Trading and artistic communities were brought into the capital city of Herat, where a library was founded, and the capital became the centre of a renewed and artistically brilliant Persian culture.''..)〕〔''Encyclopædia Britannica'' article: (Consolidation & expansion of the Indo-Timurids ), Online Edition, 2007.〕 descended from the warlord Timur (also known as Tamerlane). The word "Gurkani" derived from "gurkan", a Persianized form of the Mongolian word "kuragan" meaning "son-in-law",〔A History of the Muslim World Since 1260: The Making of a Global Community, by Vernon Egger, p193〕 as the Timurids being in-laws of the line of Genghis Khan,〔(THE MAN BEHIND THE MOSQUE )〕 founder of the Mongol Empire. Members of the Timurid dynasty were strongly influenced by the Persian culture〔〔Maria Subtelny, ''Timurids in Transition'', 40: "Nevertheless, in the complex process of transition, members of the Timurid dynasty and their Persian Mongol supporters became acculturate by the surrounding Persianate millieu adopting Persian cultural models and tastes and acting as patrons of Persian culture, painting, architecture and music." pg 41: "The last members of the dynasty, notably Sultan-Abu Sa'id and Sultan-Husain, in fact came to be regarded as ideal Perso-Islamic rulers who develoted as much attention to agricultural development as they did to fostering Persianate court culture."〕 and had established two well-known empires in history, namely the Timurid Empire (1370-1507) in Persia (incl. the Caucasus) and Central Asia and the Mughal Empire (1526-1857) in the Indian subcontinent.
==Origins==
The origin of the Timurid dynasty goes back to the Mongol tribe known as Barlas, who were remnants of the original Mongol army of Genghis Khan,〔〔''"Timur"'', The Columbia Encyclopedia, Sixth Edition, 2001–05 Columbia University Press, ((LINK ))〕〔"Consolidation & expansion of the Indo-Timurids", in Encyclopædia Britannica, ((LINK ))〕 founder of the Mongol Empire. After the Mongol conquest of Central Asia, the Barlas settled in what is today southern Kazakhstan, from Shymkent to Taraz and Almaty, which then came to be known for a time as ''Moghulistan'' – "Land of Mongols" in Persian – and intermingled to a considerable degree with the local Turkic and Turkic-speaking population, so that at the time of Timur's reign the Barlas had become thoroughly Turkicized in terms of language and habits.
Additionally, by adopting Islam, the Central Asian Turks and Mongols adopted the Persian literary and high culture〔B. Spuler, "Central Asia in the Mongol and Timurid periods", published in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online Edition, 2006/7, ((LINK )): ''"... Like his father, Olōğ Beg was entirely integrated into the Persian Islamic cultural circles, and during his reign Persian predominated as the language of high culture, a status that it retained in the region of Samarqand until the Russian revolution 1917 () Ḥoseyn Bāyqarā encouraged the development of Persian literature and literary talent in every way possible ..."''〕 which had dominated Central Asia since the early days of Islamic influence. Persian literature was instrumental in the assimilation of the Timurid elite to the Perso-Islamic courtly culture.〔David J. Roxburgh. The Persian Album, 1400–1600: From Dispersal to Collection. Yale University Press, 2005. pg 130: "Persian literature, especially poetry, occupied a central in the process of assimilation of Timurid elite to the Perso-Islamicate courtly culture, and so it is not surprising to find Baysanghur commissioned a new edition of Firdawsi's Shanama〕
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