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Thiruvarur
Thiruvarur also spelt as Tiruvarur (タミル語: திருவாரூர் )is a town and municipality in Tiruvarur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It is the administrative headquarters of Tiruvarur district and Tiruvarur taluk. The town was one of the five traditional capitals of the Chola empire, with one of the emperors of the dynasty, Kulothunga Chola I, having it as his capital. The town is believed to be of significant antiquity and has been ruled, at different times, by the Medieval Cholas, Later Cholas, Later Pandyas, Vijayanagar Empire, Marathas and the British. The town is known for the Thyagaraja temple, and the annual chariot festival held in the month of April. The temple chariot of the Thyagaraja temple, weighing and measuring tall is the largest temple chariot in Tamil Nadu. Thiruvarur is the birthplace of Tyagaraja, Muthuswami Dikshitar and Syama Sastri, popularly known as the Trinity of Carnatic music of the 18th century CE.
Thiruvarur was a part of Thanjavur district till 1991 and Nagapattinam district until 1997; it became the headquarters of Tiruvarur district when it was carved out of Nagapattinam district in 1997. The Odambokki river passes through the centre of the town. Thiruvarur covers an area of and had a population of 58,301 as of 2011. It is administered by a first grade municipality. The town is a part of the Cauvery delta region and agriculture is the major occupation. Roadways are the major means of transportation with a total of of district roads including three national highways passing through the town.
==Etymology==
The historic name of the town was ''Aaroor'' (Arur) and it finds mention in the 7th century saiva canonical work, ''Tevaram''. The term ''Thiru'' is added to all temple cities that are mostly revered by the verses of ''Tevaram'', which is the case of ''Arur'' becoming ''Thiruvarur''. Another name of Thiruvarur is Kamalayaksetra, meaning the "holy place that is an abode of lotuses"; the town is also referred so due to the presence of the Kamalayayam tank and the temple deity, Kamalambigai. During the British Raj, the town was termed ''Tiruvalur'', ''Tiruvaloor'', and ''Thiruvalur''. As per the district and municipality websites, the district has the spelling "Tiruvarur", while the town has it as "Thiruvarur".
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