|
Tiryns or (Ancient Greek: Τίρυνς; Modern Greek: Τίρυνθα) is a Mycenaean archaeological site in Argolis in the Peloponnese, some kilometres north of Nauplion. Tiryns was a hill fort with occupation ranging back seven thousand years, from before the beginning of the Bronze Age. It reached its height between 1400 and 1200 BCE, when it was one of the most important centers of the Mycenaean world, and in particular in Argolis. Its most notable features were its palace, its cyclopean tunnels and especially its walls, which gave the city its Homeric epithet of "mighty walled Tiryns". In ancient times, the city was linked to the myths surrounding Heracles, with some sources citing it as his birthplace.〔http://homepage.mac.com/cparada/GML/Tiryns.html〕 The famous megaron of the palace of Tiryns has a large reception hall, the main room of which had a throne placed against the right wall and a central hearth bordered by four Minoan-style wooden columns that served as supports for the roof. Two of the three walls of the megaron were incorporated into an archaic temple of Hera. The site went into decline at the end of the Mycenaean period, and was completely deserted by the time Pausanias visited in the 2nd century CE. This site was excavated by Heinrich Schliemann in 1884-1885, and is the subject of ongoing excavations by the German Archaeological Institute at Athens and the University of Heidelberg. In 1300 BCE the citadel and lower town had a population of 10,000 people covering 20-25 hectares. Despite the destruction of the palace in 1200 BCE the city population continued the increase and by 1150 BCE the population were 15,000 people.〔http://books.google.dk/books?id=9DBeI_KhYFQC&pg=PA111&lpg=PA111&dq=Tiryns+20+hectares&source=bl&ots=sIQEWtSk9_&sig=eg3OToJII7pk_dc21iZgzErzh3s&hl=da&sa=X&ei=WCa8UoKIEcnOtAaitYHICA&ved=0CFIQ6AEwBA#v=onepage&q=Tiryns%2020%20hectares&f=false〕〔http://whc.unesco.org/en/list/941〕〔http://books.google.dk/books?id=74JI2UlcU8AC&pg=PA706&lpg=PA706&dq=tiryns+had+15,000+people&source=bl&ots=juwMdxvVHI&sig=Bee6LpJ3QOadXrxgUPbBZYfHE5Y&hl=da&sa=X&ei=jK0hU_p_g9C0BqzTgIgG&ved=0CFIQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=tiryns%20had%2015%2C000%20people&f=false〕 Tiryns was recognized as one of the World Heritage Sites in 1999. ==Legend== Tiryns is first referenced by Homer〔Homer - Iliad rhapsody B, 559〕 who praised its massive walls. Ancient tradition held that the walls〔Pausanias Description of Greece - about Boeotia (9.36.5 )〕 were built by the cyclopes because only giants of superhuman strength could have lifted the enormous stones. After viewing the walls of the ruined citadel in the 2nd century CE, the geographer Pausanias wrote that two mules pulling together could not move even the smaller stones.〔Pausanias Description of Greece - about Corinth (2.25.8 )〕 Tradition also associates the walls with Proetus, the sibling of Acrisius, king of Argos. According to the legend Proetus, pursued by his brother, fled to Lycia. With the help of the Lycians, he managed to return to Argolis. There, Proetus occupied Tiryns and fortified it with the assistance of the cyclopes. Thus Greek legend links the three Argolic centers with three mythical heroes: Acrisius, founder of the Doric colony of Argos; his sibling (brother) Proetus, founder of Tiryns; and his grandson Perseus, the founder of Mycenae. But this tradition was born at the beginning of the historical period, when Argos was fighting to become the hegemonic power in the area and needed a glorious past to compete with the other two cities. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tiryns」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|