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In Greek mythology, Tithonos (latinised Tithonus, pronounced () or (); ) was the lover of Eos, Titan〔In classical Greek, the female titans are ''Titanides'', but ''titaness'' is rarely used in modern English.〕 of the dawn, who was known in Roman mythology as Aurora. Tithonus was a Trojan by birth, the son of King Laomedon of Troy by a water nymph named Strymo (Στρυμώ). The mythology reflected by the fifth-century vase-painters of Athens envisaged Tithonus as a ''rhapsode'', as the lyre in his hand, on an oinochoe of the Achilles Painter, ca. 470 BC–460 BCE (''illustration'') attests. Competitive singing, as in the ''Contest of Homer and Hesiod'', is also depicted vividly in the ''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'' and mentioned in the two ''Hymns to Aphrodite''.〔''Homeric Hymn to Apollo'' 165-173; ''Homeric Hymns'' 5 and 9.〕 Eos kidnapped Ganymede and Tithonus, both from the royal house of Troy, to be her lovers.〔 Anchises is another mortal from the Trojan house abducted by a goddess (Aphrodite) for erotic purposes. Tithonus is mentioned by Aphrodite as an example to encourage Anchises in the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, 218ff.〕 The mytheme of the goddess's mortal lover is an archaic one; when a role for Zeus was inserted, a bitter new twist appeared:〔Homeric Hymn; compare the mytheme in its original, blissful form in the pairing of Selene and Endymion, a myth that was also located in Asia Minor. Peter Walcot, ("The Homeric 'Hymn' to Aphrodite': A Literary Appraisal" ''Greece & Rome'' 2nd Series, 38.2 October 1991, pp. 137-155) reads the Tithonus example as a "corrective" to the myth of Ganymede (pp. 149-50): "the example of Ganymedes... promises too much, and might beguile Anchises into expecting too much, even an ageless immortality" (p. 149).〕 according to the Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite, when Eos asked Zeus to make Tithonus immortal,〔In a variant, Zeus decided he wanted the beautiful youth Ganymede for himself; to repay Eos he promised to fulfill one wish. 〕 she forgot to ask for eternal youth (218-38). Tithonus indeed lived forever :but when loathsome old age pressed full upon him, and he could not move nor lift his limbs, this seemed to her in her heart the best counsel: she laid him in a room and put to the shining doors. There he babbles endlessly, and no more has strength at all, such as once he had in his supple limbs. (''Homeric Hymn to Aphrodite'') In later tellings he eventually turned into a cicada, eternally living, but begging for death to overcome him.〔Some stories say that Eos turned Tithonus into a grasshopper or cicada.〕 In the Olympian system, the "queenly" and "golden-throned" Eos can no longer grant immortality to her lover as Selene had done, but must ask it of Zeus, as a boon. Eos bore Tithonus two sons, Memnon and Emathion. In the Epic Cycle that revolved around the Trojan War Memnon wearing armor made of Hephaestus came to help the Trojans and a battle took place with Memnon killing Antilochus and Achilles killing Memnon, but the God Zeus grants Memnon immortality at the request of Memnon's mother Eos (Dawn), while Achilles was killed by the God Apollo & Paris when he rushed towards the gates of Troy, and according to the Greek historian Diodorus Siculus, Tithonus, who has travelled east from Troy into Assyria and founded Susa, is bribed to send his son Memnon to fight at Troy with a golden grapevine.〔Diodorus Siculus book 4.75, book 2.22.〕 Memnon was called "son of Dawn" by Hesiod.〔Hesiod Theogony 984〕 According to Quintus Smyrnaeus Memnon was not from the east, but said himself he was raised by the Hesperides on the coast of Oceanus.〔Quintus Smyrnaeus, Fall of Troy, Book 2.495.〕 This would make Memnon king of the west and son (colony) of the east, being that his father Tithonus was a Trojan by birth and from the western Ocean Troy lies towards the Dawn (the east), the true homeland of Memnon's father. Also his mother Eos was the mother of her other 1st born the west-wind Zephyrus, which according to Homer blows from the Ocean to give cool air to men.〔Homer, Odyssey, book 4.565.〕 And the Goddess Dawn along with her father Hyperion (the sun) travels from the east to the extreme west to bring light to the whole earth. One of the poems on Tithonus is the fourth extant complete poem by ancient Greek lyrical poet Sappho.〔The poem was published for the first time by Michael Gronewald and Robert W. Daniel in ''Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' 147 (2004), 1-8 and 149 (2004), 1-4; in English translation by Martin West in the ''Times Literary Supplement'', 21 or 24 June 2005. The right half of this poem was previously found in fr. 58 L-P. The fully restored version of the poem can be found in M.L. West, “The New Sappho,” '' Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik'' 151 (2005), 1-9.〕 Eos and Tithonus (inscribed ''Tinthu'' or ''Tinthun'') provided a pictorial motif that was inscribed on Etruscan bronze hand-mirrorbacks, or cast in low relief.〔As on one in the Vatican Museums, Museo Gregoriano Etrusco, acc. no. 12241 (illustrated by Marilyn Y. Goldberg, "The 'Eos and Kephalos' from Caere: Its Subject and Date" ''American Journal of Archaeology'' 91.4 (1987:605-614 ) p. 608 fig. 2.).〕 ==Poems== *"Tithonus" by Alfred Tennyson was originally written as "Tithon" in 1833 and completed in 1859.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Victorian Web: Alfred Tennyson's "Tithonus" )〕 The poem is a dramatic monologue in blank verse from the point of view of Tithonus. Unlike the original myth, it is Tithonus who asks for immortality, and it is Aurora, not Zeus, who grants this imperfect gift. As narrator, Tithonus laments his unnatural longevity, which separates him from the mortal world as well as from the immortal but beautiful Aurora. * "Tithonus" by Paul Muldoon was originally published in ''The New Yorker'' and included in the book ''Horse Latitudes'' (2006). * Herder: "Tithonus und Aurora" * "Tithonus" by A.E. Stallings was published in the book ''Archaic Smile'' (1999).〔http://www.amazon.com/dp/0930982525/ref=rdr_ext_tmb〕 * "Tithon" is mentioned in the poem "On Imagination" by Phillis Wheatley. * Tithonus is also mentioned in a poem by Sappho. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tithonus」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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