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The Djab wurrung people are Indigenous Australians who occupy the volcanic plains of central Victoria from the Mount William Range of Gariwerd in the west to the Pyrenees range in the east encompassing the Wimmera River flowing north and the headwaters of the Hopkins River flowing south. The towns of Ararat, Stawell and Hamilton are within their territory. There were 41 Djab wurrung clans who formed an alliance with the neighboring Jardwadjali people through intermarriage, shared culture, trade and moiety system.〔Ian D. Clark, pp57, ''Scars on the Landscape. A Register of Massacre sites in Western Victoria 1803-1859'', Aboriginal Studies Press, 1995 ISBN 0-85575-281-5〕 Alternate transcriptions of the name are Chaap Wuurong, Djabwurrung, Tjapwuring, Tjapwurong etc. ==Society== The Djab wurrung were a matrilineal society, with descent system based on the ''Gamadj'' (black cockatoo) and ''Grugidj'' (white cockatoo) moieties. ''Grugidj'' sub-totems included pelican, parrot, mopoke and large kangaroo. ''Gamadj'' sub-totems included emu, whip snake, possum, koala, and sparrowhawk. Clans intermarried with the Dja Dja Wurrung, Jardwadjali, Dhauwurd wurrung and Wada wurrung peoples.〔 The Djab Wurrung were semi-nomadic hunter gatherers within their territorial boundaries. During winter their encampments were more permanent, sometimes consisting of substantial huts as attested by Major Thomas Mitchell near Mount Napier in 1836: :"''Two very substantial huts showed that even the natives had been attracted by the beauty of the land, and as the day was showery, I wished to return if possible, to pass the night there, for I began to learn that such huts, with a good fire between them, made comfortable quarters in bad weather.''"〔Major Mitchell quoted in ''(Two Native Tribes Shared Shire Area )'' Shire of Mt. Rouse Centenary booklet, 1964, as detailed by the MT. Rouse & District Historical Society website, 20 October 2007. Accessed 25 November 2008〕 During early Autumn there were large gatherings of up to 1000 people for one to two months hosted at the Mount William swamp or at Lake Bolac for the annual eel migration. Several tribes attended these gatherings including the Girai wurrung, Djargurd wurrung, Dhauwurd wurrung and Wada wurrung. Near Mount William, an elaborate network of channels, weirs and eel traps and stone shelters had been constructed, indicative of a semi-permanent lifestyle in which eels were an important economic component for food and bartering, particularly the Short-finned eel.〔''(Victorian Eel Fishery - Management Plan )'' Accessed 25 November 2008〕 Near Lake Bolac a semi-permanent village extended some 35 kilometres along the river bank during autumn. George Augustus Robinson on 7 July 1841 described some of the infrastructure that had been constructed near Mount William: :"''...an area of at least 15 acres was thus traced out... These works must have been executed at great cost of labour... There must have been some thousands of yards of this trenching and banking. The whole of the water from the mountain rivulets is made to pass through this trenching ere it reaches the marsh...''"〔Harry Lourandos, pp63-65, ''Continent of Hunter-gatherers: New Perspectives in Australian Prehistory'', Cambridge University Press, 1997, ISBN 0-521-35946-5〕 In mid summer gatherings for ceremony and hunting took place at Mirraewuae, a marsh near Hexham rich with emu and other game.〔〔Andrea Murphy & Dale Owen, pp23, ''(Darlington Wind Farm - Desktop Cultural Heritage Assessment )'' A Report to Robert Luxmoore Pty Ltd, November 2007. Accessed 25 November 2008〕 Wimmera pioneer James Dawson witnessed a group of young Djab Wurrung men playing the Marn grook football game with a stitched up possum skin for the ball: :"''One of the favourite games is football, in which fifty or as many as one hundred players engage at a time. The ball is about the size of an orange, and is made of opossum-skin, with the fur side outwards...''"〔Ashley Mallett, pp12, ''The Black Lords of Summer: The Story of the 1868 Aboriginal Tour of England and Beyond'', University of Queensland, 2002. ISBN 0-7022-3262-9〕 Tom Wills family moved to a station near Ararat around 1840, when he was 5 years old, and he grew up often playing with the local aboriginal kids and learning the local dialect. He was influential later in establishing and codifying Australian Rules football, although whether Marn Grook influenced the development of the game is still being debated. Some of the Djab wurrung clans are thought to have practiced burial of their dead in trees. According to Hyett there have been two recent discoveries to the west of Ararat of secondary tree burials, involving the re-interment of two or more individuals, and a primary interment of a child in a hollow tree in the vicinity of Stawell.〔John Hyett for TerraCulture, pp13, ''(An Archaeological Desktop Study Proposed Oaklands Windfarm, Glenthompson )'', November 2006 (amended May 2007). Accessed 25 November 2008〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Djab wurrung」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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