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''This article is about the Tōhōkai political party, not to be confused with Touhou, the popular Japanese game sometimes spelled "Toho."'' was a Japanese fascist political party in Japan, active in the 1930s and early 1940s. Its origins lay in the right-wing political organization Kokumin Domei which was formed by Adachi Kenzō in 1933 and which advocated state socialism. In 1936, Nakano Seigō disagreed with Adachi of matters of policy and formed a separate group, which he called the 'Tōhōkai'.〔Christian W. Spang, Rolf-Harald Wippich, ''Japanese-German Relations, 1895–1945: War, Diplomacy and Public Opinion'', Routledge, 2006, p. 181〕 ==Ideology and development== Inspired by the writings of ultranationalist philosopher Kita Ikki, Nakano advocated national reform through parliamentary means rather than through a military coup d'état. Nakano turned to the national socialist movement of Adolf Hitler and the fascist movement of Benito Mussolini as examples of how radical right-wing political movements advocating corporatism could successfully take over a parliamentary democracy. The Tōhōkai used many of the trappings of the European movements it emulated, including the wearing of black shirts with armbands (bearing the Japanese character for 'East') and holding of mass rallies.〔Roger Griffin, ''The Nature of Fascism'', Routledge, 2003, p. 155〕 The programme of ''Tōhōkai'' was not a complete copy of the Western models, however, as the group was also driven by a deep-seated admiration for Saigō Takamori and the Satsuma Rebellion and was strongly monarchist in nature.〔 The ''Tōhōkai'' also advocated an economic policy which it called 'social nationalism', one which was actually influenced by the ideas taken from the British Fabian Society rather than fascism.〔 The group was also strong imperialist, with Nakano suggesting that Japan should "blast a way through Singapore to the Persian Gulf in order to link up with Nazi Germany directly.〔Courtney Browne, ''Tojo: The Last Banzai'', Angus & Robertson, 1967, p. 102〕 Tōhōkai won some popular support, and at its peak held eleven seats in the Diet of Japan in 1937.〔Griffin, ''The Nature of Fascism'', p. 156〕 In 1939 the party actually entered into merger negotiations with ''Shakai Taishuto,'' a moderate left-wing party attracted to the socialist elements of ''Tōhōkai'' policy. Ultimately however the talks broke down, both because Nakano insisted on leading any merged party and because many members of ''Shakai Taishuto'' considered ''Tōhōkai'' to be fascist party.〔Stephen S. Large, ''Organized Workers and Socialist Politics in Interwar Japan'', Cambridge University Press, 2010, p. 219〕 It has subsequently been argued that ''Tōhōkai'' bears comparison to the left-wing of the Nazi party as typified by Ernst Röhm and others largely eliminated in the Night of the Long Knives.〔Andrew Roth, ''Dilemma in Japan'', READ BOOKS, 2007, pp. 92-93〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tōhōkai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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