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Tonalpohualli
The ''tonalpohualli'' , a Nahuatl word meaning "count of days", is an Aztec version of the 260-day calendar in use in pre-Columbian Mesoamerica. This calendar is neither solar nor lunar, but rather consists of 20 (veintenas), 13-day (trecenas) periods. Each trecena is ruled by a different deity.
==Description==
The basis of the ''tonalpohualli'', is unknown. Several theories have been advanced for this calendrical period: that it represents a Venusian cycle, that it represents the human gestation period, or that it represents the number of days between the zenithal passage of the sun in the tropical lowlands. On the other hand, some scholars including J. E. S. Thompson suggest that the ''tonalpohualli'' was not based on natural phenomena at all, but rather on the integers 13 and 20, both considered important numbers in Mesoamerica.
The other major Aztec calendar, the ''xiuhpohualli'', is a 365-day year, based on 18 months of 20 days and five nameless days. A ''xiuhpohualli'' was designated by the name of its first ''tonalpohualli'' day. For example, Hernán Cortés met Moctezuma II on the day 8 Wind in the year 1 Reed (or November 8, 1519 in the Julian calendar).
The ''xiuhpohualli'' and the ''tonalpohualli'' would coincide approximately every 52 years.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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