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Mount Tongariro
Mount Tongariro (; (:tɔŋaɾiɾɔ)) is a compound volcano in the Taupo Volcanic Zone of the North Island of New Zealand. It is located to the southwest of Lake Taupo, and is the northernmost of the three active volcanoes that dominate the landscape of the central North Island.
==Geology==
The volcanic massif, often referred to as simply Tongariro, has a height of . It first erupted 275,000 years ago.〔 The volcano consists of at least 12 cones. Ngauruhoe, while often regarded as a separate mountain, is geologically a cone of Tongariro. It is also the most active vent, having erupted more than 70 times since 1839, the last episode in 1973 to 1975.〔Eileen McSaveney, Carol Stewart and Graham Leonard. (Historic volcanic activity: Tongariro and Ngāuruhoe ), Te Ara - the Encyclopedia of New Zealand. Updated 2007-11-05. Accessed 2008-01-01.〕
Activity has also been recorded at other vents in recent history. Te Māri Craters erupted in 2012, for the first time since 1897. Red Crater last erupted ash in 1926 and contains active fumaroles. There are many explosion craters on the massif; water has filled some of these to form the Blue Lake and the Emerald Lakes.
Andesitic eruptions tend to form steep stratovolcanoes with layers of both lava and tephra, including mountains such as Tongariro. The high altitude and severe alpine climate between March and October cause snowfall in the winter (there are commercial ski-fields at neighbouring Mount Ruapehu) and rain can freeze, causing verglas; in contrast in the mid to late summer, the mountains can be bare apart from remnant patches of snow in south-facing gullies.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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