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Tongham is a Surrey village across a narrow double divide from the easterly park and business estate of the town of Aldershot, north-east Hampshire. The village's buildings occupy most of the west of the civil parish, adjoining the A31 and the A331. The boundaries take in Poyle Park in the east and the replacement to Runfold's manor house in the west. Aldershot is centred west. As Tongham commences immediately on the north half of the Hog's Back, the thinnest part of the North Downs, the largest independent brewery in Surrey (the Hogs Back Brewery) takes its name from this eminence as does the Hog's Back Hotel. Tongham was the home of 'Aldershot Stadium' (1950-1992) which hosted primarily greyhound racing, stock car racing and speedway and the village was mentioned in the futuristic dystopian novel ''Brave New World''. ==History and economy== Archaeological evidence suggests the area of Tongham has been occupied since Neolithic times, particularly close to the Pilgrims' Way which formerly covered in part the top of the Hogs Back, a ridge 60-50m above the surrounding area, but which is now the North Downs Way on the south side. Notable finds in the parish include two Neolithic arrowheads and Iron Age farmsteads.〔(History of the Blackwater Valley )〕 ;Manor The farmstead and what few peasants' buildings there were, in the feudal system gain early mentions as ''Twangham'' from the 13th century to the 16th century in the rent rolls of the successive Bishops of Winchester: Henry de la Poyle held court at Tongham manor in 1360. He had inherited the land from his grandfather, Walter de la Puille who held it rendering an annual small fee to the Bishop.〔 The manor descended from the emblazoned, but not noble, Gaynesford and White families to holders in the Tichborne family. One of these proved to be less rewarded than Sir Benjamin Tichborne, 1st Baronet for proclaiming the new Stuart dynasty in Winchester, Sir Walter Tichborne. This less wealthy branch of the family sold it in 1725 to Richard Smith. In 1819 an exact namesake sold the manor with Thomas and Jane Barrett also having an interest, to Stephen Boyce whose stepson's family ending in Mj. Charles Stephen Barron and brother Cnl. Fenwick Boyce Barron held the manor and the manor remained, albeit gradually sold off, with a Barron until at least 1906.〔 ;Poyle Park The manor of Poyle Park which decayed from a wealthy gentleman's architecturally impressive farmhouse into no more than a farm, was in the north of Seale but now forms most of the east of Tongham. In the 14th century Tongham, seemingly inclusive of this area, was assessed in the subsidy roll at £3 8s 5.5d. The Poyle family owned a synonymous manor in a parish of Guildford, held of the King, never the Bishops.〔 After the Gaynesford and Vyne families the family of Nicholas Woodroffe, Lord Mayor of London for 1579, held it until at least 1906, by passing to female-line descendants the Chester family. In 1792 owner William Woodroffe (born Billinghurst) who was High Sheriff of Surrey for 1792 had his estate in bankruptcy (chancery) due to the expense of that office which he could not afford. Colonel Ross Donnelly Mangles, the Chairman of the East India Company was a tenant in the mid 19th century. ;Evolution from the industrial revolution onwards From the population abstracts from 1811 until its evolution into a parish the settlement was a rural one large enough in size to be official classed as a statistically recordable hamlet.〔 Tongham's now dismantled railway with a station here was important for transporting materials to build the new military camp of Aldershot from 1856 until 1870 and the row of shops developed from this line.〔(The history of Aldershot )〕 Its Church was completed in 1865 and Tongham (which had previously been part of the parish of Seale) was made into a separate parish the following year.〔 The son of its first vicar, Archbishop of York Cyril Garbett was born in Tongham in 1875, a leader in the liturgy and charitable works of a large part of the Church of England. The military author and Honorary Remembrancer for the Borough of Aldershot (1963 to 1974), and Curator of the Aldershot Museum, Howard N. Cole, lived in the village. Tongham was mentioned in passing in Aldous Huxley's novel ''Brave New World''. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tongham」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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