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:''For the sacred precinct of Carthage with that name, see Carthage.'' In the Hebrew Bible Tophet or Topheth ((ヘブライ語:תופת ha-tōpheth); (ギリシア語:Ταφεθ); (ラテン語:Topheth)) was a location in Jerusalem, in the Valley of Hinnom, where worshipers influenced by the Canaanite Pantheon sacrificed children to the gods Moloch and Baal by burning them alive. Tophet became a theological or poetic synonym for hell within Christendom. The traditional explanation that a burning rubbish heap in the Valley of Hinnom south of Jerusalem gave rise to the idea of a fiery Gehenna of judgment is attributed to Rabbi David Kimhi's commentary on Psalm 27:13 (c. 1200). He maintained that in this loathsome valley fires were kept burning perpetually to consume the filth and cadavers thrown into it. However, Hermann Strack and Paul Billerbeck state that there is neither archaeological nor literary evidence in support of this claim, in either the earlier intertestamental or the later rabbinic sources.〔Hermann L. Strack and Paul Billerbeck, (Kommentar zum Neuen Testament aus Talmud and Midrasch ), 5 vols. (Beck, 1922-56 ), 4:2:1030〕 == Etymology == The Valley of Hinnom was used as a place for worshipers in Judah to burn their own children alive as sacrifices to the idols Moloch and Baal. One section of the Hinnom Valley was called Topheth (also spelled Tophet or Topeth), where the children were slaughtered (2 Kings 23:10). The name Topheth is derived from either, or both, the Hebrew word ''toph'', meaning a drum, because the cries of children being sacrificed by the priests of Moloch were masked by the sound of the beating on drums or tambourines;〔Biblia Rabbinica, David Kimhi〕 or from ''taph'' or ''toph'', meaning to burn. The term is spelled Topheth in most English bibles. However, it appears in versions such as the King James and New King James as "Tophet". The following references are made in the Hebrew Bible. In Yahweh states his contempt for child sacrifices. The practice of burning children in Topheth was ended by Josiah, King of Judah, who “defiled Topheth” as part of his great religious reforms (). Topheth is mentioned elsewhere in the Old Testament: , , and . 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tophet」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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