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A ''torneyamen'' (; (カタルーニャ語、バレンシア語:tornejament) (:turnəʒəˈmen, toɾnedʒaˈmen); "tournament") or ''certamen'' was a lyric genre of the troubadours of the thirteenth century. Closely related to the ''tenso'', a debate between two poets, and the ''partimen'', a question posed by one poet and another's response, the ''torneyamen'' took place between several poets, originally usually three. The first three-way ''tenso'' was initiated by Raimbaut de Vaqueiras with Ademar de Peiteus and Perdigon.〔It—''Senher n'Aymar, chauzes de tres baros''—is available, with English translation, (here ).〕 These wider ''tensos'' only became known as ''torneyamens'' later.〔Chambers, Frank M. (1985), ''An Introduction to Old Provençal Versification'' (Diane Publishing, ISBN 0-87169-167-1), p. 151–152.〕 A ''tenso'' or ''partimen'' that was submitted to another troubadour for adjudication may have a poetic ''jutjamen'' (judgement) attached to it and so may be considered as a ''torneyamen'' between three. The ''torneyamen'', like the related debate forms, was probably especially common at contests, such as floral games and ''puys''. Many such ''tensos'' and ''partimens'' come with attached ''jutjamens'' rendered in verse, as in the example ''Senyer Bernatz, dues puncelhas say'' cited below. ==Examples== *(''Senher n'Aymar, chauzes de tres baros'' ) between Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, Perdigon, and Ademar de Peiteus *(''Senhe n'Enric, us reys un ric avar'' ) between Guiraut Riquier, Enric de Rodez, and Peire Pelet *(''Senhe n'Austorc d'Alboy, lo coms plazens'' ) between Guiraut Riquier, Austorc d'Alboy, and Enric de Rodez *(''A·n Miquel de Castilho'' ) between Guiraut Riquier, Miquel de Castilho, and Codolet *(''De so don yeu soy doptos'' ) between Guillem de Mur, Guiraut Riquier, Enric de Rodez, and Marques de Canillac *(''Guiraut Riquier, segon vostr'essien'' ) between Guillem de Mur and Guiraut Riquier, judged by Enric de Rodez *(''Senh'en Jorda, sie·us manda Livernos'' ) between Guiraut Riquier, Jordan IV of L'Isle-Jourdain, Raimon Izarn, and Paulet de Marseilla *(''Senhe n'Enric, a vos don avantatje'' ) between Guiraut Riquier, Enric de Rodez, and Marques de Canillac, judged by Peire d'Estanh *(''Gaucelm, tres jocs enamoratz'' ) between Gaucelm Faidit, Uc de la Bacalaria, and Savaric de Malleo *(''Senyer Bernatz, dues puncelhas say'' ) between Jacme Rovira and Bernat de Palaol, judged by Germà de Gontaut and Ramon Galbarra 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Torneyamen」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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