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Tornoceratidae is a family of goniatitid ammonoids from the middle and upper Devonian. The family is included in the suborder Tornoceratina and the superfamily Tornoceratoidea. Tornoceratids are subdiscoidal goniatitids with biconvex growth lines and sutures that form 6 to 10 lobes, the ventral one undivided, the lateral ones originating as subdivisions of external and internal lateral saddle. They are derived from the Anarcestida. ==Taxonomy== Tornoceratidae as now understood is essentially the Tornoceratidae of Arthaber (1911) described in the American Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part L, revised to include three subfamilies, the Tornoceratinae, Aulatornoceratinae, and Falcitornoceratinae. Miller ''et al''. (1957) included the Tornoceratidae without subfamilies in the Cheilocerataceae, a superfaminily in the Goniatitida which also includes the Cheiloceratidae. Tornoceratinae is based on the genus ''Tornoceras'' described by Alpheus Hyatt in 1884. Aulatornoceratinae and Falcitornoceratinae were established by Becker in 1993; Aulatornoceratinae based on ''Aulatornoceras'', named by Schindewolf in 1922; Falcitornoceratinae on ''Falcitornoceras'', named by House and Price in 1985. The Tornoceratinae form the root stock of the tornoceratids and are derived from Anarcestida. Tornoceratinae in turn gave rise to Aulatornoceratinae and Falcitornoceratinae. The Tornoceratinae includes ''Tornoceras'', ''Epitornoceras'', ''Lobotornoceras'',''Protornoceras'', and ''Tornia'', described in the Treatise (L 1957), along with ''Crassotornoceras'', ''Linguatornoceras'', ''Domanikoceras'', ''Simcheiloceras'', and ''Oxytornoceras'' which were added later. ''Aulatornoceras'', type for the Aulatornoceratinae was previously considered a subgenus of ''Tornoceras'' and is known from the Upper Devonian of North America and Europe. ''Aulatornoceras'' gave rise to ''Truyolsoceras'' and ''Polonoceras'', which gave rise to ''Armatites'', ''Kirsoceras'', and ''Pernoceras'', which gave rise to ''Pseudoclymenia'' making up the Aulotornoceratidae. Genera making up the Falcitornoceratinae form an evolutionary series, ''Phoenixites'', ''Falcitornoceras'', ''Gundolficeras'', ''Exotornoceras'', leading up to ''Posttornoceras'', type genus of the Posttornoceratidae. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tornoceratidae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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