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Toronto
Toronto (, or ) is the most populous city in Canada, and the capital of the province of Ontario. In 2011, Toronto had a population of 2,615,060, making it the fourth most populous city in North America, after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=North America's Largest Cities: Toronto Overtakes Chicago )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Sorry, Toronto: No one cares that you're now the fourth-largest city in North America )〕 The Greater Toronto Area (GTA) is the most populous metropolitan area in Canada with 5,583,064 people living in the census metropolitan area as of 2011. Classified as an alpha global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network,〔"(What makes a global city? )", (2007)〕 Toronto is a leading international centre of business, finance, arts, and culture.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Toronto – World Cities Culture Forum )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Toronto | A Top 10 Financial Centre )〕
The area now called Toronto has been inhabited for thousands of years by various Aboriginal peoples.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=First Peoples, 9000 BCE to 1600 CE – The History of Toronto: An 11,000-Year Journey – Virtual Exhibits | City of Toronto )〕 The urban history of the city dates back to 1787, when British officials negotiated the Toronto Purchase with the Mississaugas of the New Credit.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Natives and Newcomers, 1600–1793 – The History of Toronto: An 11,000-Year Journey – Virtual Exhibits – City of Toronto )〕 They established the Town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The early history of York & Upper Canada )〕 During the War of 1812, York was ransacked and heavily damaged by U.S. troops in the Battle of York. The town was renamed and incorporated as the City of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario in 1867.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Timeline: 180 years of Toronto history )〕 Toronto has occasionally expanded through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities throughout its history, the results of which can be seen in the 140 independently unique and clearly defined official neighbourhoods that make up the city.
Located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario, Toronto is situated on a broad sloping plateau intersected by a vast network of rivers, deep ravines, and urban forest.〔http://www1.toronto.ca/wps/portal/contentonlyvgnextoid=1d66f937de453410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD&vgnextchannel=57a12cc817453410VgnVCM10000071d60f89RCRD〕 It anchors the Golden Horseshoe, a densely populated region surrounding the western end of Lake Ontario that is home to 8,686,923 people, or around 26% of the entire population of Canada. The cosmopolitan and multicultural demographics of Toronto reflect its current and historical role as an important destination for immigrants to Canada.〔 It is one of the world's most diverse cities, with about 50% of residents having been born outside of Canada, and over 200 distinct ethnic origins represented among its population.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】Diversity – Toronto Facts – Your City. City of Toronto )〕 While English is the primary language spoken by the majority of Torontonians, there are over 160 different languages spoken in the city.〔(Toronto 2011 census backgrounder: Language )〕
Toronto is a prominent centre for music,〔(【引用サイトリンク】Music – Key Industry Sectors – City of Toronto )〕 theatre,〔(【引用サイトリンク】Quality of Life – Arts and Culture )〕 motion picture production,〔(【引用サイトリンク】Film & Television – Key Industry Sectors – City of Toronto )〕 and television production,〔(【引用サイトリンク】Made here. Seen everywhere. – Film in Toronto – City of Toronto )〕 and is home to the headquarters of Canada's major national broadcast networks and media outlets.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title =Ontario's Enertainment and Creative Cluster )〕 Its varied cultural institutions,〔(【引用サイトリンク】Toronto Press Room – Culture, The Creative City )〕 which include numerous museums and galleries, festivals and public events, entertainment districts, national historic sites, and sports activities,〔(Cultural Institutions )〕 are key attractions to the over 25 million tourists that visit the city every year.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Arts and Culture – Living In Toronto | City of Toronto )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tourism )〕 Toronto is well known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=What Toronto's skyline will look like in 2020 – Canadian Business – Your Source For Business News )〕 in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere, the CN Tower.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=The CN Tower is Dead. Long Live The CN Tower! )〕 As Canada's commercial capital, the city is home to the Toronto Stock Exchange, the headquarters of Canada's five largest banks,〔http://www.fraserinstitute.org/WorkArea/DownloadAsset.aspx?id=2520〕 and the headquarters of many large Canadian and multinational corporations.〔https://www.fraserinstitute.org/uploadedFiles/fraser-ca/Content/research-news/research/articles/corporate-headquarters-in-canada-sept2011.pdf〕 Its economy is highly diversified with strengths in technology, design, financial services, life sciences, education, arts, fashion, business services, environmental innovation, food services, and tourism.〔(City of Toronto ) (2007) – (Toronto economic overview ), (Key industry clusters ). Retrieved March 1, 2015.〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Business Toronto – Key Business Sectors )〕 Toronto is placed among the Global Leaders in the Global Financial Centres Index,〔(Citymayors.com ), ''Toronto Star'' (2004). Retrieved July 8, 2007.〕 and is also consistently rated as one of the world's most liveable cities by the Economist Intelligence Unit and the Mercer Quality of Living Survey.
==History==
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