翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Toxicodynamics ・ Toxicofera ・ Toxicogenomics ・ Toxicokinetics ・ Toxicologic Pathology ・ Toxicological Sciences ・ Toxicology ・ Toxicology (journal) ・ Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology ・ Toxicology and Industrial Health ・ Toxicology in Vitro ・ Toxicology Letters ・ Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods ・ Toxicology testing ・ Toxicon ・ Toxicophore ・ Toxicoscordion ・ Toxicoscordion brevibracteatum ・ Toxicoscordion exaltatum ・ Toxicoscordion fontanum ・ Toxicoscordion fremontii ・ Toxicoscordion micranthum ・ Toxicoscordion nuttallii ・ Toxicoscordion paniculatum ・ Toxicoscordion venenosum ・ Toxics Release Inventory ・ Toxics use reduction ・ Toxidia ・ Toxidia andersoni ・ Toxidia arfakensis Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Toxicophore ： ウィキペディア英語版 Toxicophore A toxicophore is a chemical structure or a portion of a structure (e.g., a functional group) that is related to the toxic properties of a chemical. Toxicophores can act directly (e.g., dioxins) or can require metabolic activation (e.g., tobacco-specific nitrosamines). Most toxic substances exert their toxicity through some interaction (e.g., covalent bonding, oxidation) with cellular macromolecules like proteins or DNA. This interaction leads to changes in the normal cellular biochemistry and physiology and downstream toxic effects. Occasionally, the toxicophore requires bioactivation, mediated by enzymes, to produce a more reactive metabolite that is more toxic. For example, tobacco-specific nitrosamines are activated by cytochrome P450 enzymes to form a more reactive substance that can covalently bind to DNA, causing mutations that, if not repaired, can lead to cancer. Generally, different chemical compounds that contain the same toxicophore elicit similar toxic effects at the same site of toxicity. Medicinal chemists and structural biologists study toxicophores in order to predict (and hopefully avoid) potentially toxic compounds early in the drug development process. Toxicophores can also be identified in lead compounds and removed or replaced later in the process with less toxic moieties. Both techniques, ''in silico'' (predictive) and ''a posteriori'' (experimental), are active areas of chemoinformatics research and development, within the field known as ''Computational Toxicology''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Computational Toxicology: Superfund Research Program )〕 For example, in the United States, the EPA's National Center for Computational Toxicology〔(【引用サイトリンク】 About the National Center for Computational Toxicology (NCCT) )〕 sponsors several toxicity databases〔(【引用サイトリンク】 ToxCast: Advancing the next generation of chemical safety evaluation )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 ACToR: Aggregated Computational Toxicology Resource )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】 Distributed Structure-Searchable Toxicity (DSSTox) Database Network )〕 based on predictive modeling as well as high-throughput screening experimental methods. ==References== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Toxicophore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.