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Transmigrant is a term, greatly developed by the work of Nina Glick Schiller, which is used to describe mobile subjects that create and sustain multiple social relations that link together their societies of origin and residence.〔Basch, Linda G., Nina Glick. Schiller, and Blanc Cristina. Szanton. Nations Unbound: Transnational Projects, Postcolonial Predicaments, and Deterritorialized Nation-states. (): Gordon and Breach, 1994.〕 These mobile subjects are now viewed as transnational migrants or transmigrants to distinguish them from migrants and immigrants.〔Stephen, Lynn. Transborder Lives: Indigenous Oaxacans in Mexico, California, and Oregon. Durham: Duke UP, 2007.〕 == Immigrants and Transmigrants == Traditionally, social scientists and researchers have understood migrants and immigrants to be persons that leave behind their native nation-state and experience the difficult processes of assimilation and incorporation into a foreign culture and society.〔From Immigrant to Transmigrant: Theorizing Transnational Migration. Nina Glick Schiller, Linda Basch and Cristina Szanton Blanc. Anthropological Quarterly. Vol. 68, No. 1 (Jan., 1995), pp. 48-63〕 Transmigrants engage in processes of transnationalism that span economic, cultural, social, ethnic, and national borders. Transmigrants living within a transnational social field are affected by “a set of social expectations, cultural values, and patterns of human interaction shaped by more than one social, economic, and political system.”〔Levitt, Peggy, and Nina Glick Schiller. "Conceptualizing Simultaneity: A Transnational Social Field Perspective on Society." International Migration Review 38.145 (2004): 1002-1039.〕 Essential to the concept of transmigrant is the multiplicity of engagements that the mobile subject sustains in the home and host societies simultaneously. While a transmigrant may use the term “home” to refer to their country of origin, they also create a home (both physically and socially) in the host society. However, it is important to note that the word “host” often carries the unwarranted connotations that the migrant is a “welcomed visitor”. Transnational meshworks, or social fields, connect migrants and non-migrants across borders, thus actual migration is not necessary in order to be considered a transmigrant.〔 “Non-migrants also adapt many of the values and practices of their migrant counterparts, engage in social relationships that span two settings, and participate in organizations that act across borders.”〔 An example of such can be seen in the Frente Indígena de Organízacíones Bínacíonales,〔()〕 which organizes migrants of different indigenous ethnic groups in Oaxaca City, in the Juxtlahuaca region of Oaxaca, in Tijuana, Baja California, and out of Fresno and Los Angeles, California. Many non-migrant members of such organizations participate in transnational social fields without ever having left their country of origin. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transmigrant」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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