|
}} | }} | }} }} | common_name = Transnistria | image_flag = Flag of Transnistria (state).svg | flag = Flag | image_coat = Coat of arms of Transnistria.svg | symbol_type = Emblem | image_map = Transnistria in Europe (zoomed).svg | national_anthem = ''My slavim tebya, Pridnestrovye'' | official_languages = |languages_type = Official scripts |languages = Cyrillic (Moldovan alphabet) | ethnic_groups = }} | ethnic_groups_year = 2005 | capital = Tiraspol | largest_city = capital | government_type = Semi-presidential republic | leader_title1 = President | leader_name1 = Yevgeny Shevchuk | leader_title2 = | leader_name2 = | legislature = Supreme Council | sovereignty_type = Partially recognized state | established_event1 = | established_date1 = 2 September 1990 | established_event2 = War of Transnistria | established_date2 = | established_event3 = Recognition | established_date3 = 3 non-UN membersc | area_km2 = 4163 | area_sq_mi = 1607 | area_rank = | area_magnitude = 1 E9 | percent_water = 2.35 | population_estimate = 505,153 | population_estimate_year = 2014 | population_estimate_rank = | population_census = 555,347 | population_census_year = 2004 | population_density_km2 = 124.6 | population_density_sq_mi = 345 | population_density_rank = | GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = | Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = | HDI_year = |HDI_change = |HDI = |HDI_ref = | currency = Transnistrian rubled | currency_code = PRB | time_zone = EET | utc_offset = +2 | time_zone_DST = EEST | utc_offset_DST = +3 | calling_code = +373e | cctld = nonef | footnote_a = Russian is the main official language. | footnote_b = Romanian language is officially called ''Moldovan'' in Transnistria. | footnote_c = Limited to the breakaway Republic of Abkhazia, Nagorno-Karabakh Republic and South Ossetia (see Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations). | footnote_d = Moldovan leu used in those areas under Moldovan control and in the security zone. | footnote_e = +373 5 and +373 2. | footnote_f = .ru and .md sometimes used. }} Transnistria (also called Trans-Dniestr or Transdniestria) is a partially recognized state located mostly on a strip of land between the River Dniester and the eastern Moldovan border with Ukraine. Since its declaration of independence in 1990, and especially after the War of Transnistria in 1992, it has been governed as the Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as Pridnestrovie), a state with limited recognition that claims territory to the east of the River Dniester, and also the city of Bender and its surrounding localities on the west bank, in the historical region of Bessarabia. The names "Transnistria" and "Pridnestrovie" both refer to the Dniester River. Unrecognised by any United Nations member state, Transnistria is designated by the Republic of Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit with special legal status (),〔Law № 173 from 22.07.2005 "About main notes about special legal status of settlements of left bank of Dnestr (Transnistria)": (Moldovan ), (Russian )〕 or Stînga Nistrului ("Left Bank of the Dniester").〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CIA World factbook Moldova. territorial unit: Stinga Nistrului (Transnistria) )〕 After the dissolution of the USSR, tensions between the Moldova and the breakaway Transnistrian territory escalated into a military conflict that started in March 1992 and was concluded by a ceasefire in July 1992. As part of that agreement, a three-party (Russia, Moldova, Transnistria) Joint Control Commission supervises the security arrangements in the demilitarized zone, comprising twenty localities on both sides of the river. Although the ceasefire has held, the territory's political status remains unresolved: Transnistria is an unrecognized but ''de facto'' independent〔Jos Boonstra, Senior Researcher, Democratisation Programme, FRIDE. (Moldova, Transnistria and European Democracy Policies ), 2007〕〔Gerald Hinteregger, Hans-Georg Heinrich (editors), Russia – Continuity and Change, 〕 presidential republic with its own government, parliament, military, police, postal system, and currency. Its authorities have adopted a constitution, flag, national anthem, and coat of arms. However, after a 2005 agreement between Moldova and Ukraine, all Transnistrian companies that seek to export goods through the Ukrainian border must be registered with the Moldovan authorities.〔(European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) ), November 2007〕 This agreement was implemented after the European Union Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine (EUBAM) took force in 2005.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Background - EU Border Assistance Mission to Moldova and Ukraine )〕 Most Transnistrians also have Moldovan citizenship,〔''Der n-tv Atlas. Die Welt hinter den Nachrichten. Bertelsmann Lexikon Institut. 2008. page 31〕 but many Transnistrians also have Russian and Ukrainian citizenship. The largest ethnic group is Moldovan (32.1%), who historically had a higher share of the population, up to 49.4% in 1926. Transnistria, Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia, and South Ossetia are post-Soviet "frozen conflict" zones.〔(OSCE: De Gucht Discusses Montenegro Referendum, Frozen Conflicts ), (GlobalSecurity.org ), (Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty ), May 2006〕〔Vladimir Socor, , IASPS Policy Briefings, 1 March 2004〕 These four partially recognized states maintain friendly relations with each other and form the Community for Democracy and Rights of Nations. 〔 〕 ==Names== (詳細はRegions and territories: Trans-Dniester ), BBC News, 2007-03-07〕 or "Transdniestria".〔(The black hole that ate Moldova: A glimpse inside Transdniestria ), (Economist ), 3 May 2007〕 Etymologically, these names are adaptations of the Romanian colloquial name of the region, "Transnistria" meaning "beyond the River Dniester". The documents of the government of Moldova refer to the region as ''Stînga Nistrului'' (in full, ''Unitățile Administrativ-Teritoriale din Stînga Nistrului'') meaning "Left Bank of the Dniester" (in full, "Administrative-territorial unit(s) of the Left Bank of the Dniester"). The name of the region according to the Transnistrian authorities is ''Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic'' (PMR) ((ロシア語:Приднестровская Молдавская Республика, ПМР), ''Pridnestrovskaya Moldavskaya Respublika''; Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: Република Молдовеняскэ Нистрянэ, РМН, (ルーマニア語、モルドバ語():Republica Moldovenească Nistreană); (ウクライナ語:Придністровська Молдавська Республіка, ПМР), ''Prydnistrovs'ka Moldavs'ka Respublika''). The short form of this name is ''Pridnestrovie'' ((ロシア語:Приднестровье), ''Pridnestrovye''; Moldovan Cyrillic alphabet: Нистрения, ''Nistrenia''; (ウクライナ語:Придністров'я), ''Prydnistrovya''). "Pridnestrovie" is a transliteration of the Russian "Приднестровье" meaning "(land ) by the () Dniester". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transnistria」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|