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Transylvania (Romanian: ''Transilvania'' or ''Ardeal'', Hungarian: ''Erdély'', German: ''Siebenbürgen'' or ''Transsilvanien'', Polish: ''Siedmiogród'', Latin: ''Transsilvania'', Turkish: ''Erdel'') is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by its natural borders, the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical regions of Crișana, Maramureș and Romanian part of Banat. The region of Transylvania is known for the scenic beauty of its Carpathian landscape and its rich history. In the English-speaking world it has been commonly associated with vampires, chiefly due to the influence of Bram Stoker's famous novel ''Dracula'' as well as the many later film adaptations. ==Etymology== (詳細はRomanian, the region is known as ''Ardeal'' () or ''Transilvania'' (); in Hungarian as ''Erdély'' (); in German as Siebenbürgen (); and in Turkish as ''Transilvanya'' () but historically as ''Erdel'' or ''Erdehstan''; see also other denominations. * Transylvania was first referred to in a Medieval Latin document in 1075 as ''ultra silvam'', meaning "beyond the forest" (''ultra'' meaning "beyond" or "on the far side of" and the accusative case of ''sylva'' (sylvam) "woods, forest"). Transylvania, with an alternative Latin prepositional prefix, means "on the other side of the woods". Hungarian historians claim that the Medieval Latin form ''Ultrasylvania'', later ''Transylvania'', was a direct translation from the Hungarian form ''Erdő-elve''.〔Engel, Pál (2001). ''Realm of St. Stephen: History of Medieval Hungary, 895–1526 (International Library of Historical Studies)'', page 24, London: I.B. Taurus. ISBN 1-86064-061-3〕 That also was used as an alternative name in German ''überwald'' (13-14th centuries) and Ukrainian Залісся (''Zalissia''). * The German name ''Siebenbürgen'' means "seven fortresses", after the seven (ethnic German) Transylvanian Saxons' cities in the region. This is also the origin of the region's name in many other languages, such as the Bulgarian Седмиградско (''Sedmigradsko''), Polish ''Siedmiogród'' and the Ukrainian Семигород (''Semyhorod''). * The Hungarian form ''Erdély'' was first mentioned in the 12th-century ''Gesta Hungarorum'' as ''Erdeuleu'' (in modern script ''Erdőelü'') or ''Erdő-elve''. The word ''Erdő'' means forest in Hungarian, and the word ''Elve'' denotes a region in connection with this, similarly to the Hungarian name for Muntenia (''Havas-elve'', or land lying ahead of the snow-capped mountains). ''Erdel'', ''Erdil'', ''Erdehstan'', the Turkish equivalents, or the Romanian ''Ardeal'' were borrowed from this form as well, although the Romanian name has a competing theory described below. * The first known written occurrence of the Romanian name ''Ardeal'' appeared in a document in 1432 as ''Ardeliu''. The Romanian name ''Ardeal'' derives from the Latin ''ar'', meaning “stone mountain”, or ''arx'', meaning “stone fortress”, and the Romanian / Wallachian ''deal / dealuri / deli'' , meaning “hill / hills”. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transylvania」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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