|
Trappola is an early 16th-century Venetian trick-taking card game which spread to most parts of Central Europe and survived, in various forms and under various names like Trapulka, Bulka and Hundertspiel until perhaps the middle of the 20th century. It was played with a special pack of Italian-suited cards derived from the Venetian pattern, and last reported to have been manufactured in Prague in 1944.〔Oxford Dictionary of Card Games, David Parlett, p. 308 ISBN 0-19-869173-4〕Piatnik has reprinted their old Trappola deck for collectors. ==History of the game== Trappola is an Italian word, which means "trap", mouse trap, cheat, fraud, and with respect to the derivation of the word, Peignot observes that Trappola means an ingenious thing, that is, something which deceives.〔"Selon le Dictionnaire de la Crusca", le mot Trappola signifie: ''cosa ingennese insidia, una sorta di reta'', et trappolatore est la même chose que ingannatore, giuntarore (trompeur, fripon). D'autres font deriver ce mot de trappe, piergé."〕 The earliest version of the game was played without trumps. It is also the earliest known trick-taking game where the ace has been promoted above the king and played with a stripped deck. Trappola was described by Cardano in his ''Liber de Ludo Aleae'', written in 1564, as a popular Venetian game in the 16th century. It was a very popular card game in Venice in the early 16th century, but somehow appears to have lost its appeal in the area by the end of that century and moved northwards, most probably because of trading and troop movements. Garzoni calls it the common game, and Tarocco the new invention, quoting the authority of Volaterano.〔Garzoni Piazza Univenale di Tutte, le Profession del Hondo. Venet. 1589 - ''Alcuni altri son giuochi da Taverne come la Mora, le Piastrelle, le Chiave; e le Carte, o communi, o Tarocchi di nuova inventione, secondo il Volaterrano. Discorso de 'Giocatori in universal et in particolari'', p. 564.〕 However it is known that Tarocco was once called Trionfi and dates to at least 1440. It is clear that throughout the 17th to 19th centuries the game of Trappola was very popular over a wide area stretching from Nürnberg and Leipzig to Graz and Budapest. Other forms of Trappola, like Špady and Šestadevacet, were popular in the Czechoslovakia before World War II when the last Trappola cards were produced. A genuine Trappola game, perhaps the only known survivor of the Trappola group is the game Stovkahra, also known as Brčko, played by Romanian Czechs in the village of Šumice, situated in the Banát region of Romania.〔McCleod, John. (Stovkahra ) at pagat.com. Retrieved 17 July 2015.〕 The reverse game, Coteccio, name applied to various negative point trick games in Italy is reported to be played in Trieste.〔McCleod, John. (Coteccio ) at pagat.com. Retrieved 17 July 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trappola」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|