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The Treaty of Zaragoza, or Treaty of Saragossa, also referred to as the Capitulation of Zaragoza, was a peace treaty between Spain and Portugal signed on 22 April 1529 by King John III and the Emperor Charles V in the Spanish city of Zaragoza. The treaty defined the areas of Spanish and Portuguese influence in Asia to resolve the "Moluccas issue", when both kingdoms claimed the Moluccas islands for themselves, considering it within their exploration area established by the Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494. The conflict sprang in 1520, when the expeditions of both kingdoms reached the Pacific Ocean, since there was not a set limit to the east. == Background: the "Moluccas Issue" == In 1494 Castile and Portugal signed the Treaty of Tordesillas, dividing the world into two exploration and colonizing areas: the Castilian and the Portuguese. It stated a meridian in the Atlantic Ocean, with the western part exclusive to Spain and the east to Portugal. In 1511 Malacca, then the center of Asian trade, was conquered for Portugal by Afonso de Albuquerque. Getting to know the secret location of the so-called "spice islands" – the Banda Islands in the Moluccas, then the single world source of nutmeg and cloves, main purpose for the travels in the Indian sea – he sent an expedition led by António de Abreu to Banda, via the Lesser Sunda Islands, where they were the first Europeans to arrive in early 1512.〔Hannard (1991), page 7; 〕 Before reaching Banda, they first touched the islands of Buru, Ambon, and Seram, and then the Banda Islands. Later, after a separation forced by a shipwreck, his vice-captain Francisco Serrão, went again to the north and sank off Ternate, where he obtained a license to build a Portuguese fortress-factory: the . Letters sent from Serrão to Ferdinand Magellan, who were friends and possibly cousins, describing the "Spice Islands", helped Magellan persuade the Spanish crown to finance the first circumnavigation travel.〔R. A. Donkin, ("Between east and west: the Moluccas and the traffic in spices up to the arrival of Europeans" ), p.29, Volume 248 of Memoirs of the American Philosophical Society, DIANE Publishing, 2003 ISBN 0-87169-248-1〕〔Hannard, Willard A. (1991). Indonesian Banda: Colonialism and its Aftermath in the Nutmeg Islands. Bandanaira: Yayasan Warisan dan Budaya Banda Naira.〕 On November 6, 1521, the Moluccas, "cradle of all spices," were reached from the east by Magellan's fleet, sailing then under Juan Sebastián Elcano, at the service of the Spanish Crown. Before Magellan and Serrão could meet in the Moluccas, Serrão died on the island of Ternate, almost at the same time Magellan was killed in the battle of Mactan in the Philippines.〔Duarte Barbosa; Mansel Longworth Dames; Fernão de Magalhães. The book of Duarte Barbosa: an account of the countries bordering on the Indian Ocean and their inhabitants. New Delhi: ISBN 81-206-0451-2〕 After the Magellan expedition (1519–1522), Charles V sent an expedition led by García Jofre de Loaísa to colonize the islands, claiming that they were in his zone of the Treaty of Tordesillas.〔The expedition of García Jofre de Loaísa (1525–1526) aimed to occupy and colonize the Moluccas. The fleet of seven ships and 450 men included the most notable Spanish navigators: Juan Sebastián Elcano, who lost his life in this expedition, and the young Andrés de Urdaneta.〕 The expedition reached with difficulty the Moluccas, docking at Tidore, where the Spanish later founded a fort. The conflict with the Portuguese already established in Ternate there was inevitable, resulting in the Spanish defeat after a year of fighting, starting nearly a decade of skirmishes over the possession. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Treaty of Zaragoza」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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