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Treorchy
Treorchy ((ウェールズ語:Treorci)) is a village, although it used to be and still has characteristics of a town, in the county borough of Rhondda Cynon Taf, Wales, lying in the Rhondda Fawr valley. Treorchy is also one of the 16 communities of the Rhondda, taking in the near villages of Cwmparc and Ynyswen.
==History==
Treorchy is said to take its name from the stream that flows from the mountainside above the village into the River Rhondda; the 1875 Ordnance Survey map of the area refers to the stream is referred to as ‘Nant Orky'. The word Gorchi possibly comes from the Welsh word Gorchwy, suggesting a stream marking a boundary. Prior to industrialisation the tithe maps of the area show an unpopulated area of scattered farmhouses, such as Abergorchwy, Tile-du, and Glyn Coli. The area was predominantly meadows, pastures and woodland and farmed by tenant farmers such as Walter Edwards, Llewellyn Lewis and Mary Evans. Much of the land, in common with most of the Rhondda at that time, was owned by one of the great families of Glamorgan with much of Treorchy coming under the domain of the Marquess of Bute Estate.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://webapps.rhondda-cynon-taff.gov.uk/heritagetrail/english/rhondda/treorchy.html )〕 The discovery of coal in the Rhondda Valley transformed the locality and within the decades after 1851 Treorchy became a densely populated industrial town.
Treorchy was established when the Abergorki Colliery, situated in Cwm Orci to the north, was opened as a level in 1859 by a Mr Huxham, a former manager of the Bute Merthyr Colliery. This was sold to J. H. Insole of Cymmer in 1862.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ggat.org.uk/cadw/historic_landscape/Rhondda/English/Rhondda_011.htm )〕 The first deep mine in Treorchy was sunk in the 1860s by David Davies of Llandinam who would later own the Ocean Coal Company.〔''The Welsh Academy Encyclopaedia of Wales''. John Davies, Nigel Jenkins, Menna Baines and Peredur Lynch (2008) pg750 ISBN 978-0-7083-1953-6〕 The initial development of the town was linear, based on the main road through the valley, but by 1875 a grid pattern of streets was emerging.〔
The town grew around the coal mining industry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, but by the end of the twentieth century all the local pits had closed, creating an economic downturn in the community.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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