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Trichanthera
''Trichanthera'' is a monotypic genus〔Vogel, S., et al. (2004). (''Harpochilus neesianus'' and other novel cases of chiropterophily in neotropical Acanthaceae. ) ''Taxon'' 53(1) 55-60.〕 of flowering plants in the acanthus family containing the single species ''Trichanthera gigantea'', which is known by many common names, including ''madre de agua'', ''suiban'', ''cenicero'', ''tuno'', ''naranjillo'', and ''palo de agua''. It is native to Central America and northern South America.〔McDade, L. A. (1983). (Pollination intensity and seed set in ''Trichanthera gigantea'' (Acanthaceae). ) ''Biotropica'' 15(2) 122-24.〕〔(''Trichanthera gigantea''. ) tropicalforages.info.〕 It has also been introduced to other tropical regions such as Vietnam, Cambodia, and the Philippines.〔Rosales, M. (1997). (''Trichanthera gigantea'' (Humboldt & Bonpland.) Nees: A review. ) ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'' 9 4.〕
This plant is a shrub or tree growing up to 5 meters tall, though a 15-meter specimen was reported once. It often produces aerial roots. The oval or oblong leaves are up to 26 centimeters long by 14 wide and are borne on short petioles.〔 The flower is maroon with a yellow throat. It is bell-shaped and the throat measures up to 2.5 centimeters long. The plant blooms in the afternoon and the flowers fall away during the night.〔 The flowers are pollinated by bats.〔 The bat ''Glossophaga soricina'' has been seen at the flowers of this species.〔
This plant has many uses for humans. It is cultivated as an animal fodder and fed to ducks,〔Nhan, N. T. H. and N. V. Hon. (1999). (Supplementing rice by-products with foliage of ''Trichanthera gigantea'' in diets of growing and lactating pigs and fattening ducks. ) ''Livestock Research for Rural Development'' 11 3.〕 pigs,〔〔Jaya, A. F., et al. (2008). (Utilization of madre de agua (''Trichanthera gigantea'' var. ''guianensis'') leaf meal as feed for growing-finishing pigs. ) ''Philippine J Vet Anim Sci''〕 and rabbits.〔Luyen, L. T., et al (2003). (Growing Mulberry and ''Trichanthera gigantea'' in association with ''Flemingia macrophylla'' on sloping land and using the foliages as feeds for rabbits. ) In: Proceedings of Final National Seminar-Workshop on Sustainable Livestock Production on Local Feed Resources (Editors: Reg Preston and Brian Ogle). HUAF-SAREC, Hue City, 25 – 28 March, 2003〕 It has veterinary uses in Colombia, where it has been used to treat horse colic and retained placenta in cows. It has uses in human medicine, including as a supplement to increase lactation in nursing mothers. It is used as a living fence and a shade tree.〔
== References ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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