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Trimethoprim (TMP) is an antibiotic used mainly in the treatment of bladder infections.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.drugs.com/monograph/trimethoprim.html )〕 Other uses include for middle ear infections and travelers' diarrhea. With sulfamethoxazole or dapsone it may be used for ''Pneumocystis'' pneumonia in people with HIV/AIDS.〔 It is taken by mouth.〔 Common side effects include nausea, changes in taste, and rash. Rarely it may result in blood problems such as not enough platelets or white blood cells. May cause sun sensitivity.〔 There is evidence of potential harm during pregnancy in some animals but not humans. It works by blocking folate metabolism in some bacteria which results in their death.〔 Trimethoprim was first used in 1962. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines, the most important medications needed in a basic health system. It is available as a generic medication and is not very expensive. In the United States 10 days of treatment is about 21 USD.〔 ==Medical uses== It is primarily used in the treatment of urinary tract infections, although it may be used against any susceptible aerobic bacterial species. It may also be used to treat and prevent ''Pneumocystis jiroveci'' pneumonia.〔 It is generally not recommended for the treatment of anaerobic infections such as ''Clostridium difficile'' colitis (the leading cause of antibiotic-induced diarrhea).〔 When trimethoprim was used alone for urinary tract infections, resistance quickly developed. Therefore, it is not commonly used as a stand-alone drug anymore.〔[Gilman, A.G., T.W. Rall, A.S. Nies and P. Taylor (eds.). Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. 8th ed. New York, NY. Pergamon Press, 1990., p. 1056〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trimethoprim」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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