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|capital = Port of Spain |largest_city = San Fernando〔2011 Census, Page 45 Table 1b;(2011 National census ). cso.gov.tt〕 |second city = San Fernando |third city = Scarbrough |latd=10 |latm=40 |latNS=N |longd=61 |longm=31 |longEW=W |government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional republic |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Anthony Carmona |leader_title2 = Prime Minister |leader_name2 = Keith Rowley |legislature = Parliament |upper_house = Senate |lower_house = House of Representatives |area_rank = 171st |area_magnitude = 1 E9 |area_km2 = 5,131 |area_sq_mi = 1,981 |percent_water = negligible |population_estimate = 1,223,916〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/td.html )〕 |population_estimate_rank = 159th |population_estimate_year = July 2014 |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = 254.4 |population_density_sq_mi = 659.2 |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP = $43.415 billion〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trinidad and Tobago )〕 |GDP_PPP_rank = 73 |GDP_PPP_year = 2014 |GDP_PPP_per_capita = $32,139〔 |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank =36th |GDP_nominal = $28.788 billion〔 |GDP_nominal_year = 2014 |GDP_nominal_per_capita = $21,310〔 |sovereignty_type = Independence |established_event1 = from the United Kingdom |established_date1 = 31 August 1962 |established_event2 = Republic |established_date2 = 1 August 1976 |Gini_year = 2012 |Gini_change = |Gini = 39.0 |Gini_ref = 〔Carla, By. (12 March 2013) (Allowing govt to manage better | Trinidad Express Newspaper | Business Express ). Trinidadexpress.com. Retrieved 23 December 2013.〕 |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = 2013 |HDI_change = steady |HDI = 0.766 |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = 64th |currency = Trinidad and Tobago dollar |currency_code = TTD |country_code = |time_zone = Atlantic Standard Time |utc_offset = -4 |time_zone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = -4 |date_format = dd/mm/yyyy |drives_on = left |calling_code = +1 -868 |cctld = .tt |footnote_a = Holiday celebrated on 24 September. }} Trinidad and Tobago , officially the Republic of Trinidad and Tobago, is a twin island country situated off the northern edge of South America mainland, lying 11 Kilometres (6 mi) just off the coast of northeastern Venezuela and 130 Kilometres (81 mi) south of Grenada. Bordering the Caribbean to the north, it shares maritime boundaries with other nations including Barbados to the northeast, Grenada to the northwest, Guyana to the southeast, and Venezuela to the south and west.〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = The United Nations )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = Trinidad and Tobago News )〕 The country covers an area of and consists of two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, with numerous smaller landforms. The two main islands are divided into nine regions, and one ward. Sangre Grande is the largest of the country's nine regions, comprising about 18% of the total area and 10% of the total population of the country. Trinidad and Tobago lies outside of the hurricane belt. The island of Trinidad was a Spanish colony from the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1498 to the capitulation of the Spanish Governor, Don José Maria Chacón, on the arrival of a British fleet of 18 warships on 18 February 1797.〔Carmichael, pp. 40–42.〕 During the same period, the island of Tobago changed hands among Spanish, British, French, Dutch and Courlander colonizers. Trinidad and Tobago (remaining separate until 1889) were ceded to Britain in 1802 under the Treaty of Amiens.〔Carmichael, p. 52.〕 The country Trinidad and Tobago obtained independence in 1962, becoming a republic in 1976. Trinidad and Tobago is the third richest country by GDP (PPP) per capita in the Americas after the United States and Canada. Furthermore, it is recognised as a high income economy by the World Bank. Unlike most of the English-speaking Caribbean, the country's economy is primarily industrial,〔(【引用サイトリンク】publisher = The World Bank )〕 with an emphasis on petroleum and petrochemicals. The country's wealth attributes to its large reserves and exploitation of oil and natural gas.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Trinidad and Tobago profile – Overview )〕〔List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita〕 Trinidad and Tobago is known for its Carnival and is the birthplace of steelpan, limbo, and the music styles of calypso, soca and chutney. Trinidad and Tobago is one of the most biodiverse nations in the Caribbean and has a wide variety of flora and fauna. Trinidad is also home to the Banwari Trace site, which is the oldest archaeological site in the Caribbean. ==Etymology== Historian E. L. Joseph claimed that Trinidad's Amerindian name was ''Iere'' or "Land of the Humming Bird", derived from the Arawak name for hummingbird, ''ierèttê'' or ''yerettê''. However, Boomert claims that neither ''cairi'' nor ''caeri'' means hummingbird and ''tukusi'' or ''tucuchi'' does.〔 Others have reported that ''kairi'' and ''iere'' simply mean ''island''. Christopher Columbus renamed it "La Isla de la Trinidad" ("The Island of the Trinity"), fulfilling a vow made before setting out on his third voyage of exploration.〔Hart, Marie. (1965). ''The New Trinidad and Tobago'', p. 13. London and Glasgow: Collins. Reprint 1972.〕 Tobago's cigar-like shape may have given it its Spanish name (''cabaco'', ''tavaco'', ''tobacco'') and possibly its Amerindian names of Aloubaéra (black conch) and Urupaina (big snail),〔Boomert, Arie. ''Trinidad, Tobago and the Lower Orinoco Interaction Sphere: An archaeological/ethnohistorical study''. Universiteit Leiden, 2000, ISBN 90-90-13632-0〕 although the English pronunciation is , rhyming with ''plumbago'', ''sago'', and "may go". ==Geography== (詳細はlatitude and 60° 30' and 61° 56' W longitude. At the closest point, Trinidad is just from Venezuelan territory. Covering an area of , the country consists of the two main islands, Trinidad and Tobago, and numerous smaller landforms – including Chacachacare, Monos, Huevos, Gaspar Grande (or Gasparee), Little Tobago, and St. Giles Island. Trinidad is in area (comprising 93.0% of the country's total area) with an average length of and an average width of . Tobago has an area of about , or 5.8% of the country's area, is long and at its greatest width. Trinidad and Tobago lie on the continental shelf of South America, and is thus geologically considered to lie entirely in South America.〔Encyclopædia Britannica (Trinidad and Tobago )〕 The terrain of the islands is a mixture of mountains and plains. The highest point in the country is found on the Northern Range at El Cerro del Aripo, which is above sea level. As the majority of the population live in the island of Trinidad, this is the location of most major towns and cities. There are four major municipalities in Trinidad: Port of Spain, the capital, San Fernando, Arima and Chaguanas. The main town in Tobago is Scarborough. Trinidad is made up of a variety of soil types, the majority being fine sands and heavy clays. The alluvial valleys of the Northern Range and the soils of the East-West Corridor are the most fertile. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trinidad and Tobago」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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