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In Internet slang, a troll (, ) is a person who sows discord on the Internet by starting arguments or upsetting people, by posting inflammatory,〔(【引用サイトリンク】 work=Collins English Dictionary )〕 extraneous, or off-topic messages in an online community (such as a newsgroup, forum, chat room, or blog) with the deliberate intent of provoking readers into an emotional response〔 〕 or of otherwise disrupting normal on-topic discussion,〔 〕 often for their own amusement. This sense of the word "troll" and its associated verb trolling are associated with Internet discourse, but have been used more widely. Media attention in recent years has equated trolling with online harassment. For example, mass media has used ''troll'' to describe "a person who defaces Internet tribute sites with the aim of causing grief to families."〔 In addition, depictions of trolling have been included in popular fictional works such as the HBO television program ''The Newsroom'', in which a main character encounters harassing individuals online and tries to infiltrate their circles by posting negative sexual comments himself.〔http://www.hitfix.com/whats-alan-watching/review-the-newsroom-the-blackout-part-2-mock-debate-help-me-rhonda#〕〔http://blogs.indiewire.com/thompsononhollywood/the-newsroom-episode-9-review-and-recap-the-blackout-part-2-whither-the-mock-debate〕 ==Usage== Application of the term ''troll'' is subjective. Some readers may characterize a post as ''trolling'', while others may regard the same post as a legitimate contribution to the discussion, even if controversial. Like any pejorative term, it can be used as an ''ad hominem'' attack, suggesting a negative motivation. As noted in an ''OS News'' article titled "Why People Troll and How to Stop Them" (January 25, 2012), "The traditional definition of trolling includes intent. That is, trolls purposely disrupt forums. This definition is too narrow. Whether someone intends to disrupt a thread or not, the results are the same if they do." Others have addressed the same issue, e.g., Claire Hardaker, in her Ph.D. thesis〔 "Trolling in asynchronous computer-mediated communication: From user discussions to academic definitions", and Dr. Phil. Popular recognition of the existence (and prevalence) of non-deliberate, "accidental trolls", has been documented widely, in sources as diverse as Nicole Sullivan's keynote speech at the 2012 Fluent Conference, titled "Don't Feed the Trolls" Gizmodo, online opinions on the subject written by Silicon Valley executives and comics. Regardless of the circumstances, controversial posts may attract a particularly strong response from those unfamiliar with the robust dialogue found in some online, rather than physical, communities. Experienced participants in online forums know that the most effective way to discourage a troll is usually to ignore it, because responding tends to encourage trolls to continue disruptive postshence the often-seen warning: "Please do not feed the trolls". The "trollface" is an image occasionally used to indicate trolling in Internet culture.〔(Trollface hack strikes PlayStation 3? PSU community member reports XMB weirdness ).〕〔("Pasta" y "MasterDog" ya son parte de la jerga universitaria ).〕〔("Forever Alone" y "Ay sí, ay sí", entre los más populares ).〕 At times, the word can be abused to refer to anyone with controversial opinions they disagree with. Such usages goes against the ordinary meaning of troll in multiple ways. Most importantly, trolls don't actually believe the controversial views they claim. Farhad Manjoo criticises this view, noting that if the person really is trolling, they are a lot more intelligent than their critics would believe.〔 Online trolls launch a personal attack on the author by following some of these steps: Call the author names, make fun of the author’s appearance, attempt to correct the author’s already correct grammar, accuse the author of nefarious motives, such as attention-seeking. Claim any studies are biased, especially when they’re comprehensive meta-analysis of every rigorous study ever done (designed to correct for bias), insult the author’s family for good measure. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Internet troll」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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