|
Trujillo () is a municipality located in the province of Cáceres, in the autonomous community of Extremadura, Spain. It had 9086 inhabitants (INE Census, 2013), located in the province of Cáceres, Extremadura. Originally settled on a granite knoll which was readily fortified, the town now extends to the South East of its original site. Trujillo is both a centre for tourism, with over 25 hotels,〔http://www.tripadvisor.co.uk/Hotels-g562640-Trujillo_Province_of_Caceres_Extremadura-Hotels.html〕 and a regional market town. The old town contains many medieval and renaissance buildings. Many of these were built or enriched by the conquistadors born in the city. These include, the conquerors of Peru, Francisco Pizarro and his brothers, Francisco de Orellana and Hernando de Alarcón. Pizarro's equestrian statue stands in the main square, the ''Plaza Mayor''. The most important monuments are the castle (old Arab fortress), the church of Santa María (thirteenth century), and the church of San Francisco. It hosts the national cheese festival in early May. == History == Trujillo was settled on a granite batholith during Prehistoric times. In Roman times the town was known as ''Turgalium'' and became a prefecture stipendiary of the Lusitanian capital, Emerita Augusta (today's Mérida). Later it was colonised by east germanic tribes (mainly Visigoths) although the prevalence of the population would still have been Hispano-Roman. With the Muslim invasion and conquest in 711, it became one of the main towns in the region (renamed ترجالة ''Turjalah'' in Arabic), governed by the Taifa based in Madrid. This taifa was subject to the Umayyad Emirate and the subsequent Caliphate ruled until the middle of the 11th century. During this time the ethnic tensions between the Berbers and Arabs weakened the Caliphate militarily while the Reconquista gained success to the north of Extremedura in Castile. During this time the Berber Almohads took control of Trujillo and it environs. During the time of Almohad rule, wars with Portugal, Castile, and León guaranteed that the possession of Trujillo was tenuous. Rule alternated between these kingdoms and the Almohads returning for the last time to the Muslims in 1187. Five centuries of Muslim occupation and control finally ended when an army formed by forces of the Military orders and the Bishop of Plasencia laid siege to the city of Trujillo with the support and blessing of Saint Ferdinand III. Muhammad ibn Hüd tried to relieve the town but was driven off by the besieging army. The town was finally captured on 25 January 1232. During the final assault, according to the local legend, the Christian forces were faltering just short of victory when many reported seeing the Virgin Mary (known as ''Virgen de la Victoria'' in Spanish, or the ''Virgin Mary of Victory'') between the two towers, or ''Arco del Triunfo,'' in the castle. Sufficiently inspired, Christian troops pressed on and achieved victory defeating the Muslims who were inside. King ''Juan II of Castilla'' gave the town the title of city in 1430. Later it had a Jewish quarter located outside of the powerful medieval walls. Trujillo, with the growth of the population was gradually extended beyond the walls. Then some ''Trujillanos'' went to America to discover new places. When they come back, they built majestic palaces near the Plaza Mayor and surrounds, most of them can be visited today. Francisco Pizarro came back and helped enrich his family in the Plaza Mayor. His daughter from an Incan princess returned at 18 to marry her uncle and lived the rest of her life in Trujillo as a lady of great estate. During the War for Independence, one of the first authorities that responded to the call of the Junta of Móstoles in May 1808 was the mayor of Trujillo, Antonio Martin Rivas who prepared enlistments of volunteers, with food and arms, plus the mobilization of troops, to go to the aid of the Junta. Trujillo was captured by the French in 1811 and held until 1812. In 1834 the city became the official headquarters of the Judicial District of Trujillo. In the census of 1842 it had 110 households and 6026 residents. File:Plaza Mayor de Trujillo - 01.jpg|Plaza Mayor File:Trujillo05.jpg|Equestrian statue of Francisco Pizarro File:Diego García de Paredes.jpg|Diego García de Paredes 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Trujillo, Cáceres」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|