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Tsin-is-tum, also known as Jennie Michel, (c. 1814–1905) was a Native American folklorist. Called "Last of the Clatsops" at the time of her death in 1905, Tsin-is-tum was much photographed and provided oral history for scholars of the indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. ==Biography== Tsin-is-tum (known to some during her lifetime as "Jennie Michel") was a Clatsop woman born about 1814 on the coast of what is today part of the American state of Oregon.〔Tsin-is-tum's year of birth has been variously reported. The best estimate seems to be that of Chairman L.B. Cox of the Committee on Memorials of the Oregon Historical Society, who noted that Tsin-is-tum was "said to be about 86 years of age" at the time of the visit of his committee to the site of salt cairns of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, at which Tsin-is-tum was present as an invited expert witness. See: L.B. Cox, "Appendix A," ''Proceedings of the Oregon Historical Society, Including the Quarterly Meetings of the Board of Directors, and the Second Annual Meeting of the Members of the Society, Held December 15, 1900.'' Salem, OR: W.H. Leeds, State Printer, 1901; pg. 16.〕 She was the daughter of a woman named Wah-ne-ask, who was an eyewitness of the Lewis and Clark Expedition that visited the Pacific Northwest in 1805 and 1806.〔Tsin-is-tum, ("Testimony of Tsin-is-tum to the Oregon Historical Society," ) in ''Proceedings of the Oregon Historical Society, Including the Quarterly Meetings of the Board of Directors, and the Second Annual Meeting of the Members of the Society, Held December 15, 1900.'' Salem, OR: W.H. Leeds, State Printer, 1901; appendix A, pp. 22-23.〕 The name of her father, who was killed in a bombardment of her village by a warship, probably in the spring 1829,〔Cain Allen, ("Tsin-is-tum (Jennie Michel)," ) The Oregon History Project, Oregon Historical Society, 2004.〕 has been lost to history.〔 Tsin-is-tum was recognized by historians associated with the Oregon Historical Society as a source of folklore of the Clatsop people as well as oral history of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, as a member of a family which had interacted with the Anglo explorers during their 1805-1806 sojourn on the coast of today's state of Oregon. In addition to her mother's recollections, Tsin-is-tum was the niece of Ka-ta-ta, who had hunted elk with the explorers.〔 At the time of contact with Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and their associates the total population of the Clatsop people had plummeted to as few as 200 people, in the estimation of the Anglo visitors, the result of mortality due to disease introduced into the population through contact with outsiders.〔 Tsin-is-tum married the last chief of the Nehalem people, Wah-tat-kum, with the couple living along the Oregon coast between the outlets of the Columbia and Nehalem rivers until his death.〔 She later married again, this time to the Anglo Michel Martineaux, a relationship from which her alternative name, Jennie Michel was derived.〔 The couple lived in the area of Seaside, Oregon.〔 In June 1900, Tsin-is-tum provided a statement to a committee of the Oregon Historical Society outlining the story of her life and helping to identify the location of salt works used by the Lewis and Clark party during their stay in Oregon. She was regarded as one of the last three surviving full-blooded Clatsops at the time of her contribution to this effort.〔L.B. Cox, "Appendix A," ''Proceedings of the Oregon Historical Society, Including the Quarterly Meetings of the Board of Directors, and the Second Annual Meeting of the Members of the Society, Held December 15, 1900.'' Salem, OR: W.H. Leeds, State Printer, 1901; pg. 16.〕 Tsin-is-tum died in March 1905 at the age of approximately 89. At the time of her death, she was referred to as "the last of the Clatsops" — perhaps the last surviving full-blooded member of that Native American tribe.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tsin-is-tum」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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