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Tupolev Tu-22M
The Tupolev Tu-22M (Russian: Туполев Ту-22М; NATO reporting name: Backfire) is a supersonic, variable-sweep wing, long-range strategic and maritime strike bomber developed by the Tupolev Design Bureau. According to some sources, the bomber was believed to be designated Tu-26 at one time. Significant numbers remain in service with the Russian Air Force, and as of 2014 more than 100 Tu-22Ms are in use.
==Development==
As in the case of its contemporaries, the MiG-23 and Su-17 projects, the advantages of variable-sweep wing (or "swing wing") seemed attractive, allowing a combination of short take-off performance, efficient cruising, and good high-speed, low-level flight. The result was a new swing wing aircraft named ''Samolyot 145'' (''Aeroplane 145''), derived from the Tupolev Tu-22, with some features borrowed from the abortive Tu-98. The Tu-22M was based on the Tu-22's weapon system and used its Kh-22 missile. The Tu-22M designation was used to help get approval for the bomber within the Soviet military and government system.〔Eden, Paul, ed. Tupolev Tu-22/22M". ''Encyclopedia of Modern Military Aircraft''. London: Amber Books, 2004. ISBN 1-904687-84-9.〕
The Tu-22M designation was used by the Soviet Union during the SALT II arms control negotiations, creating the impression that it was a modification of the Tu-22. Some suggested that the designation was deliberately deceptive, and intended to hide the Tu-22M's performance. Other sources suggest the "deception" was internal to make it easier to get budgets approved. According to some sources, the Backfire-B/C production variants were believed to be designated ''Tu-26'' by Russia, although this is disputed by many others. The US State and Defense Departments have used the Tu-22M designation for the Backfire.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Tu-22M BACKFIRE (TUPOLEV) )〕
Production of all Tu-22M variants totalled 497 including pre-production aircraft.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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