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The Tubantes were a Germanic tribe, living in the eastern part of The Netherlands. They are often equated to the ''Tuihanti'', whom we know from two inscriptions found near Hadrian's Wall. The modern name Twente derives from the word Tuihanti. == History == Little is known about the Tubantes. The first time they are mentioned at all, is in a description of the first expedition of Germanicus against the Marsi in the year 14 AD,〔Tacitus, ''Annales'' 1.51.〕 when they ambushed the Roman forces returning to their winter-quarters, in coalition with the Bructeri and Usipetes, probably somewhere in the Münsterland. In 17 AD, the Tubantes are apparently referred to as the ''Tubattii'', in Strabo's list of Germanic peoples (''Geography'', ((Strab. 7.1 ))) defeated by Rome under Germanicus.〔 In 58 AD, Tacitus reports in his ''Annals'' that the Ampsivarii, in their plea to the Romans concerning some land north of the Rhine reserved by the Roman military, that it had belonged in sequence to the Chamavi, Tubantes, and then the Usipii.〔(Tac. Ann. 13.55 )〕 (The Usipii are known to have moved into the Rhine region around the time of Caesar (55 BC), but not yet to have found permanent settlement in that time, and to have been resident at the afore-mentioned northern bank of the Rhine by the time of Drusus around 11 AD.) In 69 AD, they provided a ''cohort'' during the Batavian Revolt, which was destroyed by the Ubii. Claudius Ptolemy in his ''Geographia'' (2.10), appears to describe a north to south series starting with the Chamavi "under" whom are the Chatti and Tubanti, and then between these and the Sudetes mountains, thought to be the Erzgebirge, the Teuriochaemae (an otherwise unknown name, but in the place previously inhabited by the Hermanduri and later by the Thuringii, with these three names often thought to be equivalent).〔http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus:text:1999.04.0064:entry=teuriochaemae-geo〕 But the position of the Chamavi and Tubantes so far to the southeast does not match other sources, and Chamavi also seem to be mentioned under another name in a more expected place, south of the coastal Chauci, and north of the Bructeri, in between Ems and Weser. Confusingly, other tribes normally from the region of the Tubantes, the Chattuari and Chasuarii, are also described as if they are in southern Germany in this passage.〔https://archive.org/details/ptolemysmapsofno00schrich〕 Two third-century sacral inscriptions found near Hadrian's Wall make mention of ''Tuihanti'' serving in an auxiliary unit of the Roman army, the ''Cuneus Frisiorum''.〔 (The Frisii was a name applied to all or most tribes north of the Rhine in Roman times, in the same general area of the Tubantes.) The inscriptions say: *"To the god Mars and the two Alaisiagae, and to the divine power of the Emperor, the German tribesmen of Tuihantis of the formation of Frisians of Vercovicium, Severus Alexanders's own, willingly and deservedly fulfilled their vow." *"To the god Mars Thinescus and the two Alaisiagae, Beda and Fimmilena, and the divine power of the Emperor, Germans tribemen from Tuihantis willingly and deservedly fulfilled their vow."〔 In Latin: 1. ''Deo / Marti / Thincso / et duabus / Alaisiagis / Bed(a)e et Fi/mmilen(a)e / et n(umini) Aug(usti) Ger/m(ani) cives Tu/ihanti / v(otum) s(olverunt) l(ibentes) m(erito).'' 2. ''Deo / Marti et duabus / Alaisiagis et n(umini) Aug(usti) / Ger(mani) cives Tuihanti / cunei Frisiorum / Ver(covicianorum) Se(ve)r(iani) Alexand/riani votum / solverunt / libent() / m(erito).''〕 "Mars Thingsus" is understood as referring to the Germanic God "Tyr", who was often considered equivalent to Roman Mars, and was associated with the Germanic traditions of assemblies called "Things". In 308 AD the Tubantes joined the alliance against Constantine the Great during his campaign against the Bructeri.〔Nazarius, ''Panegyric of Constantine'', 18 (C.E.V. Nixon & B.S. Rogers, ''In praise of later Roman emperors. The Panegyrici Latini. Introduction, translation, and historical commentary, with the Latin text of R.A.B. Mynors''. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1994, p. 363).〕 The name reappears as ''Tuianti'' and ''Tueanti'' in two acts from 797 and 799 AD concerning the donation of some farms in Twente and Salland to the church of Wichmond, Gelderland. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tubantes」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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