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Tushara Kingdom
The Tusharas, also known as the Tukharas or Tócharoi, were a tribe of ancient India, with a kingdom located in the north west of India, according to the epic ''Mahabharata''. An account in ''Mbh'' 1:85 depicts the Tusharas as Mlechchas and the descendants of Anu, one of the cursed sons of king Yayati. Yayati's eldest son Yadu, gave rise to the Yadavas and youngest son Puru to the Pauravas that includes the Kurus and Panchalas. Only the fifth son of Puru's line was considered to be the successors of Yayati's throne, as he cursed the other four sons and denied them kingship. Pauravas inherited the Yayati's original empire and stayed in the Gangetic plain who later created the Kuru and Panchala Kingdoms. They were followers of the Vedic culture. The Yadavas made central and western India their stronghold. The descendants of Anu, known as the Anavas, are said to have migrated to Iran.
==Historical references==
The Tusharas have been identified with the Tokhars (Tochars or Tukhars) of Bactria. They may therefore also be synonymous with an Eastern Iranian people known in Ancient Chinese historiography as the ''Yuezhi'', who migrated from western Gansu to Bactria in the 2nd century BCE. The Tokhars founded the Kushan Empire and may be the ancestors of the modern Thakurs of India (also known as Tukhars, Thakores, Tagores, Thakkars, Thakres, Thackerays, Tokhalavar etc.).
Modern scholars appear to have conflated the Tusharas with another, related ancient Indo-European peoples, who are known consequently known as Tocharians, from the Tarim Basin (in present-day Xinjiang, China). The Tarim peoples appear to have referred to themselves as the Agni and Kuči. The Agni-Kuči are known to have spoken a centum language, whereas peoples such as the Yuezhi and Tokhars of Bactria spoke a satem language.
The ''Atharvaveda'' also associates the Tusharas with the Bahlikas (Bactrians), Sakas (Indo-Scythians) and Yavanas/Yonas (Indo-Greeks: ''Saka.Yavana.Tushara.Bahlikashcha''.〔Ed Bolling & Negelein, 41.3.3.〕 It also juxtaposes the Kambojas with the Bahlikas (''Kamboja-Bahlika...'').〔AV-Par, 57.2.5; cf ''Persica''-9, 1980, p. 106, Michael Witzel〕 This suggests that the Tusharas were neighbours to these peoples, possibly in Transoxiana.
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