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Toucouleur people
The Toucouleurs or Tukulor (or ''Haalpulaar’en'') are a group distinct from but related to the Fula. The difference between the Fulbe and the Tukulors is that the latter are a traditionally sedentary group, with farming and fishing as their main activities. Tukulors also live in West Africa, and Fulanis live in Central African countries as well, such as Chad and Cameroon.
The north of Senegal (where they constitute 15% of the population) in the Senegal River valley, and Mauritania is their background, but over the past three centuries some of them emigrated to Mali.
==History==
The name ''Toucouleur'' has a debatable origin, with some sources stating it as a French creation meaning "all colors", and other sources citing it as a deformation of ''tekruri'' a pre-colonial term meaning "people from Tekrur", considering them the descendants of the kingdom of Takrur, which would make the present French form a popular etymology. According to the oral traditions of the Toucouleurs and Serer people, the Toucouleurs claim descent from Serer and Fula ancestors.〔 This tradition is supported by many scholars including Foltz and Phillips.〔Foltz, William J., "From French West Africa to the Mali Federation", Volume 12 of Yale studies in political science, p 136, Yale University Press (1965)〕〔Phillips, David J., "Peoples on the Move: Introducing the Nomads of the World", p 161, William Carey Library (2001), ISBN 0878083529 ()〕 A joking relationship exist to present between the Serers and Toucouleurs, albeit the historical the Battle of Fandane-Thiouthioune (1867) also known as ''the Battle of Somb''.
Umar Tall founded a jihad state, the Toucouleur Empire, in present Mali in the nineteenth century.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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