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Tulcea ((:ˈtult͡ʃe̯a); Bulgarian, Russian and Ukrainian: Тулча, ''Tulcha''; Greek: Αιγισσός, ''Aegyssus''; Turkish: ''Hora-Tepé'' or ''Tolçu'') is a city in Dobrogea, Romania. It is the administrative center of Tulcea county, and had a population of 73,707 as of 2011. One village, Tudor Vladimirescu, is administered by the city. == History == Tulcea was founded in the 7th century B.C. under the name of ''Aegyssus'', mentioned in the documents of Diodorus of Sicily (3rd century BC). In his ''Ex Ponto'', Ovid recorded a local tradition that ascribed its name to a mythical founder, ''Aegisos the Caspian''. After the fights from 12-15 A.D. the Romans conquered the town. They rebuilt it after their plans, their technique and architectural vision, reorganizing it. The fortified town was mentioned as late as the 10th century, in documents such as Notitia Episcopatuum or De Thematibus. Under Byzantine rule beginning with the 5th century A.D. the town was abandoned by the first half of the 7th century due to the Barbarian invasions. The former settlement's territory fell under the rule of the Bulgarian Empire (681-c.1000; 1185-14th century).〔Theophanes, ibid., p.357-358〕〔Nicephorus, ibid., p.34〕〔Laiou, A. E. Constantinople and the Latins (Foreign Policy of Andronicus II, 1282-1328). Cambridge, Mass., 1972.〕〔Brătianu, G. I. à Cetatea Albă (Akkerman) au debut du XIVeme siècle-Byz, 2, 1926, 153-168〕 Inhabitation was restored in the second half of the 10th century, as the Byzantines built a fortress on the spot after reconquering the region. The fortress was soon destroyed in 1064 by an attack of the Uzes, however some inhabitation continued.〔 A settlement, larger than the one in the 11th century, is archaeologically attested beginning with the 14th century. The Ottoman rule was imposed around 1420, and would last for the following four centuries.〔 The town was first documented under its modern name in 1506, in the Ottoman customs records. On that occasion it was described as an "important centre for the transit trade".〔 Around 1848, it was still a small shipyard city, being awarded city status in 1860, when it became a province capital. It became a sanjak centre in Silistre Eyaleti in 1860 and Tuna Vilayeti in 1864. In 1853, ''The Times'' of London noted that "Toultcha" was "the last fortified place held by the Turks on the Danube, and which has a garrison of 1,200 men."〔("The Seat of War on the Danube," ''The Times,'' December 29, page 8 )〕 In 1878 Tulcea was eventually awarded to Romania, together with the Northern Dobruja (see Congress of Berlin). Tulcea was occupied by the Central Powers between 1916-1918 during World War I and part of their condominium following the Treaty of Bucharest in May 1918 (until November 1918). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tulcea」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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