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Tullamore () is a town in County Offaly, in the midlands of Ireland. It is Offaly's county town and is located in centre of the county. Tullamore was designated a 'gateway' town in late 2003 by the Irish Government, making it eligible for increased infrastructural investment. The town retained Gold Medal status in the National Tidy Town Awards in 2015 and also played host to the 'World Sheep Dog Trials' in 2005 which attracted international interest in the region. The Tullamore Show is held near the town every year. The town's most famous export is ''Tullamore Dew'' – an Irish whiskey distilled by ''Tullamore Distillery'' – that can be traced back to 1829. The distillery shut in the 1950s with it being produced in Cork instead by William Grant & Sons. However the owners have invested in a new pot still whiskey and malt whiskey distillery near Tullamore, bringing whiskey production back to the town.〔http://www.whiskymag.com/forum/viewtopic.php?t=14530〕 == History == In ancient Gaelic Ireland, Tullamore was located in what was then known as the landfill territory of Firceall ruled by the O'Molloy clan. Firceall was then part of the ancient Kingdom of Meath. Following the plantation of Offaly in the 16th and 17th centuries, Firceall was divided into the baronies of Ballycowan, Ballyboy and Eglish, with Tullamore located in Ballycowan.〔http://www.omolloy.com/〕 Tullamore was part of the first English plantation of Offaly in the 1570s. By the mid-1500s the lands that were originally ruled by the O'Molloy clan were securely "planted" and in the hands of the Moore family. From this point on a dynasty was established which endured into the late nineteenth century, commencing with the grant of the Tullamore area, comprising some 5000 acres, to Sir John Moore in 1622. At that time the Tullamore estate included a ruined castle, ten cottages and two water mills. Sir Robert Forth, who leased the lands from Thomas Moore (son and heir of Sir John), built a mansion house c.1641 in what is now the Charleville demesne. Charles Moore, Lord Tullamore, grandson of Thomas, eventually regained possession of the estate and when he died in 1674 it went via his sister to Charles William Bury. Charles William was later (1806) created the 1st Earl of Charleville in a second creation of the title.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Charleville Demesne & The Burys, 1600–1900 )〕 On 10 May 1785, the town was seriously damaged when the crash of a hot air balloon resulted in a fire that burned down as many as 130 homes, giving the town the distinction of being the location of the world's first known aviation disaster.〔Byrne, Michael. (The Tullamore Balloon Fire – First Air Disaster in History ), Offaly Historical and Archaeological Society website, 9 January 2007 (retrieved 7 July 2011), which in turn cites: * ''Faulkner's Dublin Journal'', 14 May 1785, and * ''Finn's Leinster Journal''.〕 To this day, the town shield depicts a phoenix rising from the ashes. The event is yearly commemorated by the Phoenix festival which celebrates Tullamore's resurrection from the ashes following the accident. The Grand Canal linked Tullamore to Dublin in 1798. During the Napoleonic Wars, a clash between troops of the King's German Legion and a regiment of British Light Infantry who were both stationed in the town, became known as the Battle of Tullamore. Tullamore became county town of County Offaly in 1835, replacing Daingean. Tullamore has a history of whiskey distilling. The first modern factory distillery, founded by Michael Molloy, can be traced back to 1829. When Molloy died, the distillery passed into the hands of the Daly family, with Captain Bernard Daly in charge of the business. One of his colleagues, Daniel E. Williams, took over as general manager, and by 1890 he had the distillery in full production. Williams brought electricity to Tullamore in 1893. The distillery installed the town's first telephones and introduced motorised transport. Williams ran various commercial businesses throughout the Irish midlands – drinks businesses, tea importing, seed and grain retail, and a network of 26 general stores. Following this period, Prohibition in the United States, an economic war with Britain in the 1930s, and World War II all harmed the industry. Tullamore was one of many distilleries affected by a general decline in Irish whiskey sales worldwide. After World War II, Desmond Williams, grandson of Daniel E. Williams, used modern marketing techniques to re-establish Irish whiskey in world markets. In 1947, Desmond Williams also developed Irish Mist, an Irish liqueur made from a blend of whiskey, herbs and honey, using a recipe alleged to have disappeared in the late 17th century and to have been rediscovered in a manuscript 250 years later. Williams also capitalised on the Irish coffee concept, and promoted blended whiskies. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tullamore」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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