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Tuqi King
The Tuqi King () was a high office of the Xiongnu, a title also known to the Chinese as "worthy/wise prince/king".〔Chen (1999), p. 237–277〕〔Ma (2005), p. 397–411〕 In the 6-8th centuries, Chinese annalists used the expression ''贤王 Xian wang'' only in reference to the Eastern Turkic Khaganate.〔Zuev Yu.A., ''"Early Türks: Essays on history and ideology"'', Almaty, Daik-Press, 2002, p. 239, (In Russian)〕
The Tuqi King of the Left was generally designated as the successor of the chanyu. Two titles were awarded with each of them a commander-in-chief who derived his power from the eastern and western territories respectively. These served as two wings alongside the chanyu's main domain. The Chinese annalistic explanation was a "Worthy Prince of the Left (East)" and "Worthy Prince of the Right (West)".〔〔 This organization of the state was traditional for the Eurasian nomadic states from the Huns to the Turkic Khanates.
==Etymology==
In the ancient Western Han language, the form 屠耆 is restored as ''dā-grjəj'', traditionally interpreted by philologists with some reservations as Turkic ''tegin'' "prince". Philologists also noted a close phonetical resemblance with another ancient Turkic title, ''togrul'', which is homophonic with the Turkic word ''togrul'' "falcon".〔Dybo A. V., ''"Linguistic contacts of early Türks. Lexical fund: Pre-Türkic period"'' Moscow, 2007, p. 103, ISBN 978-5-02-036320-5〕
Modern philologists interpret the ''dā-grjəj'' as ancient Turkic ''doγri'', modern Turkish ''doğru'', Azeri, Turkmen, Gagauz ''doγru'', Tuvinian ''doora'', etc., "overt, just, honest", initially suggested by Friedrich von Schlegel (1772–1829), and accepted by Kurakichi Shiratori and others as direct semantical and phonetical correspondence.〔Shiratori K., ''"Sinologische Beiträge zur Geschichte der Türk-Völker. II. Über die Sprache der Hiungnu und der Tunghu-Stämme"''//Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, 1902, September, Vol. XVII, No 2, Note 04〕〔Dybo A.V., Ibid, p. 103〕 However, N.Ya. Bichurin, using the pronunciation of the Qing dynasty, phoneticized 屠耆 as ''chjuki'' ((ロシア語:Чжуки)), which is a direct rendering of the Turkic ''ükü/jükü'' "wise", making it a literal translation of the Chinese annalistic expression "wise prince".〔Bichurin N.Ya., ''"Collection of information on peoples in Central Asia in ancient times"'', vol. 1, p. 14〕 That the ''ükü/jükü'' "wise" was in active Hunnic vocabulary is evidenced by an inscription on a silver plate that depict Attila's son Dikkiz as "King Dikkiz the Wise" (''Kiŋkeg Dikkiz ükü'') with ''ükü'' rendered in runiform 10px10px10px.〔Mukhamadiev A.G., 1995, ''"Khan Diggiz dish inscription"//"Problems of lingo-ethno-history of the Tatar people"'', Kazan, Tatar Publishing, p. 75, ''in Russian'')〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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