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Turan-Shah
Shams ad-Din Turanshah ibn Ayyub al-Malik al-Mu'azzam Shams ad-Dawla Fakhr ad-Din known simply as Turanshah ((アラビア語:توران شاه بن أيوب)) (d. June 27, 1180) was a Kurdish ruler, the Ayyubid prince (''emir'') of Yemen (1174-1180), Baalbek (1179), Damascus (1176-1179) and finally Alexandria where he died in 1180. He is noted for strengthening the position of his younger brother, Saladin, in Egypt and playing the leading role in the Ayyubid conquests of both Nubia and Yemen. Like many of the Ayyubids, little is known of his early life before his arrival in Egypt.
==Arrival in Egypt==
Saladin was vizier to the Fatimid caliph. In 1171, Nur ad-Din Zangi, the Sultan of Syria, allowed Turanshah to travel to Egypt to join his brother, at a time of rising tensions between Nur ad-Din and Saladin. Nur al-Din empowered Turanshah to supervise Saladin, hoping to provoke dissension between the brothers.〔 However, this attempt failed as Turanshah was immediately granted an immense amount of lands by Saladin who was in the process of rebuilding the power structure of the Fatimid state around himself and his relatives. The ''iqta or "fief" given to Turashah composed of the major cities of Qus and Aswan in Upper Egypt as well as the Red Sea port of Aidab.〔Lev, 1999, p.115.〕 Turanshah was the main force behind the suppression of a revolt staged in 1171 by the Black African garrisons of the Fatimid army in 1171.〔Lev, 1999, pp.96-97.〕
Turanshah developed a close relationship with the poet courtier 'Umara, who had been a power player in Fatimid politics before Saladin's ascendancy to the vizierate in 1169.〔Lev, 1999, pp.88-89.〕 On September 11, 1171, the last Fatimid caliph al-Adid died and the Ayyubid dynasty gained official control of Egypt. A number of accusations of murder against Turanshah arose following the caliph's death. According to a eunuch in the service of al-Adid's widow, al-Adid died after hearing that Turanshah was in the palace looking for him. In another version, Turanshah is said to have killed al-Adid himself after the latter refused to reveal the location of state treasures that were hidden in the palace.〔Lev, 1999, p.83.〕 After the caliph's death, Turanshah settled in Cairo in a quarter formerly occupied by Fatimid ''emirs''.〔Lev, 1999, p.111.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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