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Turanoceratops
''Turanoceratops'' ("Turan horned face") is a genus of herbivorous ceratopsian dinosaur from the late Cretaceous Bissekty Formation of Uzbekistan. The fossils dated from the mid-late Turonian stage, roughly 90 million years ago. The skull bore a pair of long brow horns like those seen in the Ceratopsidae, although ''Turanoceratops'' appears to have been transitional between earlier ceratopsians and ceratopsids, and not a ceratopsid itself.
==Discovery and naming==
From the 1920s onwards, Soviet scientists discovered fragmentary fossils near Dzharakuduk in the district Navoi Viloyat, leading them to the conclusion that some ceratopid must have been present. In 1988, paleontologist Lev Aleksandrovich Nesov based on these published the name ''Turanoceratops tardabilis'',〔Nessov L.A., 1988, "(of vertebrates of the late Mesozoic and Paleocene of Middle Asia )", ''Trudy XXXI Sess. Vsesoyuz Paleont. Obshchestva. Nauka, Leningrad'', pp 93–101〕 but did not provide a description so that for the time being it remained a ''nomen nudum''. In 1989, Nesov, L.F. Kaznysjkina and Gennady Olegovich Cherepanov validly named the type species ''Turanoceratops tardabilis''. The generic name is a combination of ''Turan'', an old Persian name for Turkestan, the general region of the finds, and ~ceratops, "horned face", a usual suffix in ceratopian names. The specific name means "retarding" in Latin, referring to the protracted research.〔L.A. Nessov, F. Kaznyshkina, & G.O. Cherepanov, 1989, "Ceratopsian dinosaurs and crocodiles of the middle Mesozoic of Asia", In: Bogdanova & Khozatsky (eds.) ''Theoretical and applied aspects of modern paleontology'', pp 142-149〕
The holotype, CCMGE No. 251/12457, consists of a damaged left maxilla, the tooth-bearing upper jaw bone. Other fossils have been referred but some of these later were proven to have belonged to other types of dinosaur. A braincase e.g. (specimen CCGME 628/12457) was shown to be of a sauropod, while presumed frill material actually represented ankylosaur armour plates. Authentic material includes postorbitals with brow horn cores, teeth, a predentary and limb elements.
In 2004, Peter Dodson considered it a ''nomen dubium'',〔H. You and P. Dodson, 2004, "Basal Ceratopsia". In: D. B. Weishampel, H. Osmolska, and P. Dodson (eds.), ''The Dinosauria'' (2nd edition). University of California Press, Berkeley pp 478-493〕 but in 2009 Hans-Dieter Sues concluded that it was a valid taxon.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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