|
}} |other_name = |nickname = |settlement_type = Prefecture-level City |total_type = |motto = |image_skyline = Turpan-minarete-emir-d07.jpg |imagesize = |image_caption = Emin Minaret in Turpan, Turpan |image_flag = |flag_size = |image_seal = |seal_size = |image_shield = |shield_size = |image_blank_emblem = |blank_emblem_type = |blank_emblem_size = |image_map = China Xinjiang Turpan.svg |mapsize = |map_caption = Turpan (red) in Xinjiang (orange) |image_map1 = |mapsize1 = |map_caption1 = |image_dot_map = |dot_mapsize = |dot_map_caption = |dot_x = |dot_y = |subdivision_type = Country |subdivision_name = People's Republic of China |subdivision_type1 = Region |subdivision_name1 = Xinjiang |subdivision_type2 = County-level divisions |subdivision_name2 = 3 |subdivision_type3 = |subdivision_name3 = |subdivision_type4 = |subdivision_name4 = |seat_type = Prefecture seat |seat = Gaochang District |parts_type = |parts_style = |parts = |p1 = |p2 = |government_footnotes = |government_type = |leader_title = |leader_name = |leader_title1 = |leader_name1 = |leader_title2 = |leader_name2 = |leader_title3 = |leader_name3 = |leader_title4 = |leader_name4 = |established_title = |established_date = |established_title1 = |established_date1 = |established_title2 = |established_date2 = |established_title3 = |established_date3 = |founder = |named_for = |area_magnitude = |unit_pref = |area_footnotes = |area_total_km2 = |area_land_km2 = |area_water_km2 = |area_water_percent = |area_urban_km2 = |area_metro_km2 = |area_blank1_title = |area_blank1_km2 = |elevation_footnotes = |elevation_max_m = |elevation_max_ft = |elevation_min_m = −154 |elevation_min_ft = |population_as_of = |population_footnotes = |population_note = |population_total = |population_density_km2 =auto |population_metro = |population_density_metro_km2 = |population_urban = |population_density_urban_km2 =auto |population_blank1_title = |population_blank1 = |population_density_blank1_km2 = |timezone = China Standard |utc_offset = +8 |postal_code_type = Postal code |postal_code = |area_code = |blank_name = |blank_info = |blank1_name = |blank1_info = |blank2_name = |blank2_info = |blank3_name = |blank3_info = |blank4_name = |blank4_info = |blank5_name = |blank5_info = |blank6_name = |blank6_info = |website = (Turpan Prefecture-level city Government ) |footnotes = }} Turpan (; ), also known as Turfan or Tulufan, is a prefecture-level city located in the east of Xinjiang, People's Republic of China. It has an area of and a population of 570,000 (2003). ==History== Turpan has long been the centre of a fertile oasis (with water provided by the ''karez'' canal system) and an important trade centre. It was historically located along the Silk Road, at which time it was adjacent to the kingdoms of Korla and Karashahr. The name Turfan itself however was not used until the end of the Middle Ages - its use became widespread only in the post-Mongol period. Historically, settlements in the region have been given a number of different names, such as Tulufan, Jushi, Qocho, Karakhoja, Hezhou, Gaochang, and Jiaohe, many of which refer to the same place. The center of the region has shifted a number of times, from Yar-Khoto (Jiaohe, 10 km to the west of modern Turpan) to Qocho (Gaochang, 30 km to the southeast of Turpan), and to Turpan itself. The peoples of the Kingdoms of Nearer and Further Jushi (the Turpan Oasis and the region to the north of the mountains near modern Jimasa), were closely related. It was originally one kingdom called Gushi, which the Chinese conquered in 107 BC.〔Hill (2009), p. 109.〕 It was subdivided into two kingdoms by the Chinese in 60 BC. During the Han era the city changed hands several times between the Xiongnu and the Han, interspersed with short periods of independence.〔Hill (2009), p. 442.〕 After the fall of the Han dynasty in 220, the region was virtually independent but tributary to various dynasties. Until the 5th century AD, the capital of this kingdom was Jiaohe (modern Yarghul west of Turpan).〔()〕 From 487 to 541 AD, Turpan was an independent Kingdom ruled by a Turkic tribe known to the Chinese as the Tiele. The Rouran Khaganate defeated the Tiele and subjugated Turpan, but soon afterwards the Rouran were destroyed by the Göktürks. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turpan」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|