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Turisanus
Turisanus de Turisanis〔 He is also known as Turisanus Monac()us ("Torrigiano the Monk"), Drusianus or Trusianus.〕 was the Latin name of Pietro Torrigiano de' Torrigiani (died c. 1320), a theoretical physician〔Brian Lawn, ''Rise and decline of the scholastic Quaestio disputata'' (Brill, 1993), p. 72, doubts he ever practiced.〕 from a well-known Florentine family〔He is ''Turisanus Florentinus'' in the printed edition under the title ''Plusquam commentum in parvam Galeni artem'' (Venice, 1557), noted by Roger Kenneth French, ''Ancients and Moderns in the Medical Sciences: from Hippocrates to Harvey" ''Bulletin of the History of Medicine'' 75.4, Winter 2001 p. 450, note 15).〕 who taught medicine in Paris, ca 1305-19,〔 Lawn 1993, p 72, noting Ottosson, p. 45ff.〕 and wrote an elaborated and influential〔Lawn (1993 p. 73) notes that Gentile da Foligno wrote a set of ''Quaestiones'' simply to criticize Torrigiani's teachings on certain points.〕 series of commentaries on Galen's ''Microtechni'', ''Plusquam commentum in Microtechni Galenii'' and a shorter ''De hypostasi urine Galeni''. The two commentaries, all that survives of Torrigiani's output, were printed together by Ugo Rugerius〔Ugo Rugerius (Ugo Ruggeri) was a peripatetic printer from Reggio di Modena in the first age of printed books: according to his title pages, he printed at Venice at various dates from 1474-93, at Reggio di Modena (1478), Pisa (1494) and Bologna 1495-99; a single work is dated from San Cesario, 1499 (Frederick John Norton, ''Italian printers, 1501-1520: an annotated list'').〕 in 1489, and in several later editions, both incunabula and 16th-century printings. The work took the conventional form of the set of ''quaestiones disputatae'' familiar in Scholasticism.
He was trained in the famed medical school of Bologna as a pupil of the Florentine Taddeo Alderotti (Thaddeus Florentinus). In his age he retired to a Carthusian monastery, thus he is referred to a ''Monachus''.〔''The Catholic Encyclopedia'', ''s.v.'' "Medicine".〕
He was the first medieval physician to propose an original theory about blood and its role in the human system.
== Notes ==
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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