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・ Turkmenistani parliamentary election, 1999
・ Turkmenistani parliamentary election, 2004
・ Turkmenistani parliamentary election, 2008–09
・ Turkmenistani parliamentary election, 2013
・ Turkmenistani People's Council election, 2007
・ Turkmenistani presidential election, 1990
・ Turkmenistani presidential election, 1992
・ Turkmenistani presidential election, 2007
・ Turkmenistani presidential election, 2012
・ Turkmenistani presidential term referendum, 1994
・ Turkmenistani Supreme Soviet election, 1990
・ Turkmenistan–Iran pipeline
・ Turkmenistan–United States relations
・ Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan barrier
・ Turkmenistan–Uzbekistan relations
Turkmenization
・ Turkmenlu
・ Turkmenoy oil field
・ Turkmenpochta
・ Turkmens
・ Turkmensky District
・ Turkmentelecom
・ Turkmun
・ Turko-Iranian
・ Turko-Persian tradition
・ Turko-Tatar
・ Turkology
・ Turkoman (horse)
・ Turkoman horse
・ Turkoman people


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Turkmenization : ウィキペディア英語版
Turkmenization
Turkmenization is the set of domestic policies the Niyazov administration used in Turkmenistan from 1991 to December 2006 to force ethnic minorities to adopt Turkmen culture. Those who resisted the state-sponsored cultural transformation were often deported.〔(Central Asia: 'Fathers are crying in Turkmenistan, and children are crying here' ) EurasiaNet〕
Antoine Blua of ''Radio Free Europe'' defined Turkmenization as the "policy of the Turkmen government targeting the education, employment, and religion of all of the country's non-Turkmen ethnic groups."〔(Turkmenistan: State Interfering In Religious Life Of Ethnic Uzbeks ) RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty〕
==Discrimination==
Shukrat Babajanov and Khurmat Babadjanov of ''Radio Free Europe/Radio Libertys Uzbek Service say that since Turkmenistan gained independence, the Niyazov administration has fired most non-ethnic Turkmen civil servants. Officials must prove they have three generations of Turkmen heritage before they are hired. Informal social control is used to ensure citizens speak Turkmen and wear traditional Turkmen clothing. Uzbek women who try to marry Turkmen men are exiled to Uzbekistan with their children. Babajanov and Babadjanov say these policies have led to the emigration of Russians, Kazakhs, and Uzbeks.〔
In a few instances Uzbek children in Turkmen schools have been instructed to wear Turkmen clothing or be expelled from school.〔

抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア(Wikipedia)
ウィキペディアで「Turkmenization」の詳細全文を読む



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