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Turku (; (スウェーデン語:Åbo) ) is a city on the southwest coast of Finland at the mouth of the Aura River,〔〔'Aluetietopankki' at the Kuntaliitto website〕 in the region of Southwest Finland. Turku, as a town, was settled during the 13th century and founded most likely at the end of the 13th century, making it the oldest city in Finland. It quickly became the most important city in Finland, a status it retained for hundreds of years. After Finland became part of the Russian Empire (1809) and the capital of the Grand Duchy of Finland was moved to Helsinki (1812), Turku continued to be the most populous city in Finland until the end of the 1840s, and it remains a regional capital and an important business and cultural center. Because of its long history, it has been the site of many important events, and has extensively influenced Finnish history. Along with Tallinn, the capital city of Estonia, Turku was designated the European Capital of Culture for 2011. In 1996, it was declared the official Christmas City of Finland.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Christmas City » Turku, the Finnish Christmas City )〕 Due to its location, Turku is a notable commercial and passenger seaport with over three million passengers traveling through the Port of Turku each year to Stockholm and Mariehamn.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.turku.fi/Public/default.aspx?nodeid=3981&culture=en-US&contentlan=2 )〕 As of 30 September 2014, the population of Turku was 183,811,〔http://vrk.fi/default.aspx?docid=8639&site=3&id=0〕 making it the sixth largest city in Finland.〔 As of 31 August 2008, there were 303,492 inhabitants living in the Turku sub-region, ranking it as the third largest urban area in Finland after the Greater Helsinki area and Tampere sub-region. The city is officially bilingual as }} percent of its population identify Swedish as a mother-tongue.〔 ==Etymology== The Finnish name ''Turku'' originates from an Old East Slavic word, ''tǔrgǔ'', meaning "market place". The word ''turku'' still means "market place" in some idioms in Finnish. The Swedish word for "market place" is ''torg'', and was probably borrowed from Old East Slavic, and was present already in Old Swedish.〔''Svenska Akademiens ordbok'', "torg", column T2031 ()〕 The Swedish name ''Åbo'' may be a simple combination of ''å'' ("river; creek; large stream") and ''bo'' ("dwelling"). As this pattern does not appear in any other Swedish place names in Finland, etymologists believe there could be a different explanation. One theory is that it comes from "Aabo", the Finnish rendition of the Russian "Avram" (Abraham), which could also be the origin of the name of the river Aura.〔YLE, ''1000 km ortnamn'', 2003, http://vetamix.net/video/ortnamnet-%C3%A5bo_2273. Retrieved 2015-〕 There is however an old legal term called "" (meaning roughly "right to live at"), which gave citizens (called "åbo") the inheritable right to live at land owned by the crown.〔:sv:Åborätt〕 In Finnish, the genitive of ''Turku'' is ''Turun'', meaning "of Turku". The Finnish names of organizations and institutes of Turku often begin with this word, as in ''Turun yliopisto'' for the University of Turku. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turku」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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