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Turrid, plural turrids, is a common name for a very large group of predatory sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks which until recently were all classified in the family Turridae. However, recently the family was discovered to be polyphyletic and therefore was split into a number of families. The original family Turridae used to contain more than 4,000 species.〔Des Beechey (2003). (Family Turridae. Turrids. ) Accessed 30 November 2007.〕 the Turridae (''sensu'' Powell 1966) 〔Powell, A.W.B. (1966) The molluscan families Speightiidae and Turridae an evaluation of the valid taxa, both Recent and fossil, with lists of characteristic species. Bulletin of the Auckland Institute and Museum, 5, 1–184, 23 pls〕 It was the largest mollusk family and the largest group of marine caenogastropods.〔Bouchet, P. (1997) Inventorying the molluscan diversity of the world: what is our rate of progress? The Veliger, 40, 1–11.〕 There were approximately 27,000 described scientific names (accepted names plus synonyms) within the family Turridae.〔 Turrids constituted more than half of the predatory species of gastropods in some parts of the world (Taylor et al. 1980).〔Taylor, J.D., Morris, N.J. & Taylor, C.N. (1980) Food specialization and the evolution of predatory prosobranch gastropods. Palaeontology, 23, 375–409〕 However, this very large family was shown to be polyphyletic, and in 2011 it was divided into 13 separate families by Bouchet, Kantor, Sysoev and Puilandre. The single most complete collection of turrids in museums worldwide is in the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia malacology collection; this is because of specialized collecting by the American malacologist Virginia Orr Maes (1920-1986).〔Robertson R. (1987). "Virginia Orr Maes (1920-1986): Biography and == Distribution == Turrids are found worldwide in every sea and ocean from both poles to the tropics. They occur from the low-intertidal zone to depths of more than eight thousand metres (e.g., ''Xanthodaphne levis'' Sysoev, 1988, collected between 7974–8006 m, in the Bougainville Trench). However, most species of turrids are found in the neritic zone. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Turrid」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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