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To‘rtko‘l
Turtkul ((ウズベク語:To‘rtko‘l / Тўрткўл); ; (ロシア語:Турткуль)) is a city in Karakalpakstan, Uzbekistan. It is an administrative center of To‘rtko‘l District.
==History==
The city was founded in 1873 and before 1920 was known as ''Petroaleksandrovsk'' ((ロシア語:Петро-Александровск)). It was then a major jewelry producing center of Uzbekistan,〔Chahryar Adle ''et al.'' (2005) (History of Civilizations of Central Asia: Towards the contemporary period : from the mid-nineteenth to the end of the twentieth century ), Volume 6 of History of Civilizations of Central Asia, UNESCO
ISBN 92-3-103985-7, p. 632〕 and was equipped with telegraph in 1913 and with a radio station in 1922; the station began regular translations in 1930.〔(History of communication in Uzbekistan )〕
In 1932, the city was renamed to Turtkul (from Turkish ''törktkül'' meaning ''square''〔Bertold Spuler, F.R.C Bagley (The Muslim world : a historical survey, Part 4 ), ISBN 90-04-06196-7 p. 151〕) and between 1932 and 1939 was the capital of the newly formed autonomous republic of Karakalpakstan. The city was standing nearby a major Amu Darya River, which is known for significantly altering its flow path several times in its history. In 1932, Amu Darya once more changed its terrain and flooded Turtkul. This and past damage by Amu Darya urged the authorities to move the capital of Karakalpakstal over 170 km to Nukus in 1939.〔(Турткуль ), Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian)〕〔(Нукус ), Great Soviet Encyclopedia (in Russian)〕 The river banks were reinforced, stopping further flooding. However, in 1942 the river suddenly moved on Turtkul destroying it overnight. Consequently, in 1949 Turtkul had been relocated.〔
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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