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''Tutela'' was the ancient Roman concept of "guardianship", conceived of as a goddess in the Imperial period, and from the earliest period as a functional role that various tutelary deities might play, particularly Juno. ''Tutela'' had particular applications in Roman law. ==Legal ''tutela''== Under Roman law, there were several forms of ''tutela'' ("guardianship" or "tutelage"), mainly for people such as minors and women who ordinarily in Roman society would be under the legal protection and control of a ''paterfamilias'', but who for whatever reasons were ''sui iuris'', legally emancipated. The guardian who oversaw their interests was a ''tutor''. Latin legal terminology distinguishes among several types of ''tutela'',〔Adolf Berger, ''Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law'' (American Philosophical Society, 1991 reprint), pp. 747–749.〕 including: * ''tutela fiduciaria'', fiduciary guardianship.〔Berger, ''Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law'', p. 747.〕 * ''tutela impuberum'', guardianship for minors who were emancipated from the legal control ''(potestas)'' of a ''paterfamilias'' or head of household.〔Berger, ''Encyclopedic Dictionary of Roman Law'', p. 747.〕 * ''tutela mulierum'', guardianship of emanicipated women, generally those whose fathers had died. In the "core period" of Roman history (2nd century BC to 2nd century AD), a married woman did not enter into the ''potestas'' of her husband, and remained legally a part of her birth family. The appointment of a ''tutor'' was meant to ensure that her interests and those of her family were protected, particularly in matters of property rights, since the ownership of property by married people remained separate. On occasion, a woman who wanted her husband to manage her property might have him appointed ''tutor''.〔Jane Gardner, ''Family and Familia in Roman Law and Life'' (Oxford University Press, 1998), p. 52ff. ''et passim.''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Tutela」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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